一. Reflections简介
jdk的反射api很难用
比如:要取出一个类的所有返回string,不带参数的,且以to开头的public方法
代码如下
ArrayList results = new ArrayList();
for (Method m : String.class.getDeclaredMethods()) {
if (Modifier.isPublic(m.getModifiers()) &&
m.getReturnType().equals(String.class) &&
m.getParameterCount() == 0 &&
m.getName().startsWith("to")) {
results.add(m);
}
}
Reflections库可以简化这个过程,同样的查询如下
Set results = getMethods(String.class,
withModifier(Modifier.PUBLIC),
withReturnType(String.class),
withParametersCount(0),
withPrefix("to"));
Reflections浏览classpath,索引metadata,能够运行时查询如下类型的元数据
子类型
注解的类型,与参数匹配的类型
匹配正则的
特定签名的方法
典型应用如下
Reflections reflections = new Reflections("my.project");
Set> subTypes = reflections.getSubTypesOf(SomeType.class);
Set> annotated = reflections.getTypesAnnotatedWith(SomeAnnotation.class);
二. 用法
使用默认的scanners,浏览url包含my.package的路径,包括以my.package开头的
Reflections reflections = new Reflections("my.package");
使用ConfigurationBuilder
new Reflections(new ConfigurationBuilder()
.setUrls(ClasspathHelper.forPackage("my.project.prefix"))
.setScanners(new SubTypesScanner(),
new TypeAnnotationsScanner().filterResultsBy(optionalFilter), ...),
.filterInputsBy(new FilterBuilder().includePackage("my.project.prefix"))
...);
然后方便的使用查询方法,这要根据具体scanners配置
SubTypesScanner
Set> modules =
reflections.getSubTypesOf(com.google.inject.Module.class);
TypeAnnotationsScanner
Set> singletons =
reflections.getTypesAnnotatedWith(javax.inject.Singleton.class);
ResourcesScanner
Set properties =
reflections.getResources(Pattern.compile(".*\\.properties"));
MethodAnnotationsScanner
Set resources =
reflections.getMethodsAnnotatedWith(javax.ws.rs.Path.class);
Set injectables =
reflections.getConstructorsAnnotatedWith(javax.inject.Inject.class);
FieldAnnotationsScanner
Set ids =
reflections.getFieldsAnnotatedWith(javax.persistence.Id.class);
MethodParameterScanner
Set someMethods =
reflections.getMethodsMatchParams(long.class, int.class);
Set voidMethods =
reflections.getMethodsReturn(void.class);
Set pathParamMethods =
reflections.getMethodsWithAnyParamAnnotated(PathParam.class);
MethodParameterNamesScanner
List parameterNames =
reflections.getMethodParamNames(Method.class)
MemberUsageScanner
Set usages =
reflections.getMethodUsages(Method.class)
如果没有配置scanner,默认使用SubTypesScanner和TypeAnnotationsScanner
也可以配置Classloader,用来解析某些实时类
保证能够解析到url
git上的例子:https://github.com/ronmamo/reflections/tree/master/src/test/java/org/reflections
三. ReflectionUtils
ReflectionsUtils包含了一些方便的方法,形式类似*getAllXXX(type, withYYY)
比如
import static org.reflections.ReflectionUtils.*;
Set getters = getAllMethods(someClass,
withModifier(Modifier.PUBLIC), withPrefix("get"), withParametersCount(0));
//or
Set listMethodsFromCollectionToBoolean =
getAllMethods(List.class,
withParametersAssignableTo(Collection.class), withReturnType(boolean.class));
Set fields = getAllFields(SomeClass.class, withAnnotation(annotation), withTypeAssignableTo(type));
四. ClasspathHelper
获取包、class、classloader的方法
使用maven可以很方便的集成到项目中,可以把浏览的元数据存储到xml/json文件中,下一次不必浏览,直接使用
在maven中,使用Reflections Maven plugin插件
其他用法
并行查找url
序列化查找为xml/json
直接利用存储的元数据,快速load,不必再次scan
存储模型实体为.java文件,可以通过静态方式引用types/fields/methods/annotation
初始化srping的包浏览
五. 注解的例子
获取包中,带TaskOption注解的类,然后获取注解的task()
Map, Class>> optionMap = new HashMap<>();
for (Class> clazz : reflections.getTypesAnnotatedWith(TaskOption.class)) {
TaskOption taskOption = clazz.getAnnotation(TaskOption.class);
if (taskOption == null) continue; // this shouldn't happen
optionMap.put(taskOption.task(), clazz);
}