unix linux下时间结构,unix linux 的时间结构体 -- timestruc_t

Technical Reference: Base Operating System and Extensions, Volume 1

getinterval, incinterval, absinterval, resinc, resabs,

alarm, ualarm, getitimer or setitimer Subroutine

Purpose

Manipulates the expiration time of interval timers.

Library

Standard C Library (libc.a)

Syntax

#include

int getinterval ( ,  )

timer_tTimerID;

struct itimerstruc_t *Value;

int incinterval (TimerID,Value,  )

timer_tTimerID;

struct itimerstruc_t *Value, *OValue;

int absinterval (TimerID,Value,OValue)

timer_tTimerID;

struct itimerstruc_t *Value, *OValue;

int resabs (TimerID,  ,  )

timer_tTimerID;

struct timestruc_t *Resolution, *Maximum;

int resinc (TimerID,Resolution,Maximum)

timer_tTimerID;

struct timestruc_t *Resolution, *Maximum;

#include

unsigned int alarm ( )

unsigned intSeconds;

useconds_t ualarm (Value,  )

useconds_tValue,Interval;

int setitimer ( ,Value,OValue)

intWhich;

struct itimerval *Value,*OValue;

int getitimer (Which,Value)

intWhich;

struct itimerval *Value;

Description

The getinterval, incinterval, and absinterval subroutines manipulate

the expiration time of interval timers. These functions use a timer value

defined by thestruct itimerstruc_t structure, which

includes the following fields:

struct timestruc_t it_interval;   /* timer interval period */

struct timestruc_t it_value;      /* timer interval expiration */

If the it_value field is

nonzero, it indicates the time to the next timer expiration. If it_value is 0, the per-process timer is disabled. If the it_interval member is nonzero, it specifies a value to be used in reloading

the it_value field when the timer expires. If it_interval is 0, the timer is to be disabled after

its next expiration (assuming it_value is nonzero).

The getinterval subroutine returns

a value from the struct itimerstruc_t structure to the Value parameter. The it_value field

of this structure represents the amount of time in the current interval before

the timer expires, should one exist for the per-process timer specified in

the TimerID parameter. The it_interval field has the value last set by the incinterval or absinterval subroutine. The fields of the Value parameter are subject to the resolution of the timer.

The incinterval subroutine sets

the value of a per-process timer to a given offset from the current timer

setting. The absinterval subroutine sets the value of

the per-process timer to a given absolute value. If the specified absolute

time has already expired, the absinterval subroutine

will succeed and the expiration notification will be made. Both subroutines

update the interval timer period. Time values smaller than the resolution

of the specified timer are rounded up to this resolution. Time values larger

than the maximum value of the specified timer are rounded down to the maximum

value.

Theresinc and resabs subroutines return the resolution and maximum value of the interval

timer contained in the TimerID parameter. The resolution

of the interval timer is contained in the Resolution parameter,

and the maximum value is contained in the Maximum parameter.

These values might not be the same as the values returned by the corresponding

system timer, the gettimer subroutine. In addition,

it is likely that the maximum values returned by theresinc and resabs subroutines will be different.

Note:

If a nonprivileged user attempts to submit a fine granularity

timer (that is, a timer request of less than 10 milliseconds), the timer request

is raised to 10 milliseconds.

The alarm subroutine causes the

system to send the calling thread's process aSIGALRM signal

after the number of real-time seconds specified by theSeconds parameter have elapsed. Since the signal is sent to the process,

in a multi-threaded process another thread than the one that called the alarm subroutine may receive the SIGALRM signal. Processor scheduling

delays may prevent the process from handling the signal as soon as it is generated.

If the value of the Seconds parameter is 0, a pending

alarm request, if any, is canceled. Alarm requests are not stacked. Only one SIGALRM generation can be scheduled in this manner. If the SIGALRM signal has not yet been generated, the call results

in rescheduling the time at which the SIGALRM signal

is generated. If several threads in a process call the alarm subroutine, only the last call will be effective.

The ualarm subroutine sends a SIGALRM signal to the invoking process in a specified number

of seconds. The getitimer subroutine gets the value

of an interval timer. The setitimer subroutine sets

the value of an interval timer.

Parameters

TimerID

Specifies the ID of the interval timer.

Value

Points to a struct itimerstruc_t structure.

OValue

Represents the previous time-out period.

Resolution

Resolution of the timer.

Maximum

Indicates the maximum value of the interval timer.

Seconds

Specifies the number of real-time seconds to elapse before the first SIGALRM signal.

Interval

Specifies the number of microseconds between subsequent periodic SIGALRM signals. If a nonprivileged user attempts to submit

a fine granularity timer (that is, a timer request of less than 10 milliseconds),

the timer request interval is automatically raised to 10 milliseconds.

Which

Identifies the type of timer. Valid values are:

ITIMER_REALDecrements in real time. A SIGALRM signal occurs

when this timer expires.ITIMER_VIRTUALDecrements in process virtual time. It runs only during process execution.

A SIGVTALRM signal occurs when it expires.ITIMER_PROFDecrements in process virtual time and when the system runs on behalf

of the process. It is designed for use by interpreters in statistically profiling

the execution of interpreted programs. Each time the ITIMER_PROF timer expires, the SIGPROF signal occurs. Because

this signal may interrupt in-progress system calls, programs using this timer

must be prepared to restart interrupted system calls.

Return Values

If these subroutines are successful, a value of 0 is

returned. If an error occurs, a value of -1 is returned and the errno global variable is set.

The alarm subroutine returns the

amount of time (in seconds) remaining before the system is scheduled to generate

the SIGALARM signal from the previous call to alarm. It returns a 0 if there was no previous alarm request.

The ualarm subroutine returns

the number of microseconds previously remaining in the alarm clock.

Error Codes

If the getinterval, incinterval, absinterval, resinc, resabs, setitimer, getitimer, or setitimer subroutine

is unsuccessful , a value of -1 is returned and the errno global variable is set to one of the following error codes:

EINVAL

Indicates that the TimerID parameter does

not correspond to an ID returned by the gettimerid subroutine,

or a value structure specified a nanosecond value less than 0 or greater than

or equal to one thousand million (1,000,000,000).

EIO

Indicates that an error occurred while accessing the timer device.

EFAULT

Indicates that a parameter address has referenced invalid memory.

The alarm subroutine is always

successful. No return value is reserved to indicate an error for it.

Related Information

The gettimer ()

subroutine, gettimerid () subroutine, subroutine.

in Operating system and device management.

in AIX Version 6.1 General Programming Concepts: Writing and Debugging Programs.

in AIX Version 6.1 General Programming Concepts: Writing and Debugging Programs

provides more information about signal management in multi-threaded processes.