基于matlab的dvhop测距算法性能分析
摘 要
应用于传感器网络节点定位的技术主要有基于测距(Range-based)的定位技术和无需测距(Range-free)的定位技术。前者尽管精度较高,但是大都需要额外地增加硬件开销,不适于常规的传感器网络的应用场景;而无需测距定位技术不需要知道未知节点到锚节点的距离或进行距离测量,在成本和功耗方面与前者相比具有显著优势。因此,本文重点研究了无需测距的无线传感器网络定位算法。
首先,论文在查阅大量相关文献的基础上,介绍了基于无线传感器网络定位技术的国内外研究现状,对无线传感器网络相关技术做了一个整体概述。其次,论文综述了无线传感器网络自身定位系统和算法的性能评价标准、分类方法,着重介绍了近年来该领域具有代表性的算法及系统的原理和特点,并对其中的几种主要算法进行了仿真与分析。然后,论文重点对无需测距自定位算法中的DV-Hop算法进行了研究。通过在仿真平台上对算法的仿真实验,统计分析了各种因素对算法定位性能的影响,仿真结果表明,该算法具有良好的性能。
关键词:无线传感器网络;节点定位;DV-Hop算法
Abstract
The location algorithms for WSN can be divided into two categories: Range-based and Range-free. The Range-based algorithms can reach more accuracy, but require additional hardware cost. Considering the high expenditure, they aren’t suitable for regular application of sensor networks. The Range-free algorithms need less sophisticated hardware. They use estimated distance instead of metrical distance to localize, so they have much advantage in power and position cost. This paper mainly studies the Range-free algorithms.
In the first part, based on the study of much related literature, the research status of wireless location techniques is summarized. In the second part, this paper introduces the evaluation criterion of self-positioning algorithms. The principle and characteristics of these algorithms are also discussed and presented. Finally, this paper focuses on the DV-Hop location algorithm, we established a simulation model based on Matlab, and shift the influential factors. The simulative run shows that the DV-Hop algorithm could offer a better performance.
Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks; node location; DV-Hop algorithm
目 录
1 绪 论1
1.1 课题背景及意义1
1.2 国内外研究现状2
1.3 论文的研究内容与组织安排3
2 无线传感器网络简介4
2.1 无线传感器网络概述4
2.1.1 传感器网络节点和网络体系概述5
2.1.2 无线传感器网络特点7
3 无线传感器网络定位技术10
3.1 无线传感器网络定位技术分类10
3.2 基于测距技术的定位算法分析12
3.2.1 三边测量定位技术13
3.2.2 三角测量法14
3.2.3 最大似然估计定位15
3.3 距离有关的定位算法分析19
3.3.1 基于测距的定位方法19
3.3.2 信号强度测试法19
3.3.3 到达时间及时间差测距法20
3.3.4 时间差定位法20
3.3.5 到达角定位法21
3.4 距离无关的定位算法分析21