为什么使用linux开发项目,我的Linux开发项目使用Clang vs GCC

小编典典

编辑：

海湾合作委员会的成员确实改善了海湾合作委员会(啊竞争)的诊断经验。他们创建了一个Wiki页面在此处进行展示。gcc

4.8现在也具有很好的诊断功能(gcc 4.9x添加了颜色支持)。Clang仍然处于领先地位，但差距正在缩小。

原版的：

对于学生，我会无条件推荐Clang。

现在尚不清楚在gcc和Clang之间生成代码的性能(尽管我认为gcc 4.7仍然处于领先地位，我还没有最终的基准)，但是对于学生来说，学习实际上并不重要。

另一方面，对于初学者来说，Clang极其清晰的诊断无疑更容易理解。

考虑以下简单代码段：

#include

#include

struct Student {

std::string surname;

std::string givenname;

}

std::ostream& operator<

return out << "{" << s.surname << ", " << s.givenname << "}";

}

int main() {

Student me = { "Doe", "John" };

std::cout << me << "\n";

}

您会立即注意到，在定义了Student类之后，分号就消失了，对:)吗？

prog.cpp:9: error: expected initializer before ‘&’ token

prog.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:

prog.cpp:15: error: no match for ‘operator<

/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.4/include/g++-v4/ostream:112: note: candidates are: std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>& std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>::operator<& (*)(std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>&)) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits]

/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.4/include/g++-v4/ostream:121: note: std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>& std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>::operator<& (*)(std::basic_ios<_chart _traits>&)) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits]

/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.4/include/g++-v4/ostream:131: note: std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>& std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>::operator<]

/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.4/include/g++-v4/ostream:169: note: std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>& std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>::operator<]

/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.4/include/g++-v4/ostream:173: note: std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>& std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>::operator<]

/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.4/include/g++-v4/ostream:177: note: std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>& std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>::operator<]

/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.4/include/g++-v4/bits/ostream.tcc:97: note: std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>& std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>::operator<]

/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.4/include/g++-v4/ostream:184: note: std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>& std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>::operator<]

/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.4/include/g++-v4/bits/ostream.tcc:111: note: std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>& std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>::operator<]

/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.4/include/g++-v4/ostream:195: note: std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>& std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>::operator<]

/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.4/include/g++-v4/ostream:204: note: std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>& std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>::operator<]

/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.4/include/g++-v4/ostream:208: note: std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>& std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>::operator<]

/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.4/include/g++-v4/ostream:213: note: std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>& std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>::operator<]

/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.4/include/g++-v4/ostream:217: note: std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>& std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>::operator<]

/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.4/include/g++-v4/ostream:225: note: std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>& std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>::operator<]

/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.4/include/g++-v4/ostream:229: note: std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>& std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>::operator<]

/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.4/include/g++-v4/bits/ostream.tcc:125: note: std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>& std::basic_ostream<_chart _traits>::operator<*) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits]

Clang也不是这里的主角，但仍然：

/tmp/webcompile/_25327_1.cc:9:6: error: redefinition of 'ostream' as different kind of symbol

std::ostream& operator<

^

In file included from /tmp/webcompile/_25327_1.cc:1:

In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.3/string:49:

In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/localefwd.h:47:

/usr/include/c++/4.3/iosfwd:134:33: note: previous definition is here

typedef basic_ostream ostream; ///< @isiosfwd

^

/tmp/webcompile/_25327_1.cc:9:13: error: expected ';' after top level declarator

std::ostream& operator<

^

;

2 errors generated.

我故意选择一个示例，该示例会触发一个不清楚的错误消息(来自语法上的歧义)，而不是典型的“哦，我的上帝Clang读了我的思想”示例。尽管如此，我们注意到Clang避免了大量错误。无需将学生吓跑。

2020-06-07