android 序列化 子类,笔记：Android中的序列化方案

Serializable的使用常见问题：

1. 不加 serialVersionUID 与serialVersionUID的作用

serialVersionUID 通常用于对象的版本控制 如果在数据结构发生改变时 会出现反序列化失败

eg:先使用序列化 存储了一个对象

image.png

static class User implements Serializable {

public User(String name, int age) {

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

}

public String name;

public int age;

//新增nickName 字段

public String nickName;

@Override

public String toString() {

return "User{" +

"name='" + name + '\'' +

", age=" + age +

", nickName=" + nickName +

'}';

}

}

再读一次序列化文件，哦吼翻车：

修改数据结构后读取序列化文件.png

解决方式：加上 serialVersionUID

加上serialVersionUID后.png

2. 部分字段不需要序列化 使用transient关键字

static class User implements Serializable {

public User(){

System.out.println("=============");

}

public User(String name, int age) {

System.out.println("==============");

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

}

public String name;

public int age;

public transient String nickName;

@Override

public String toString() {

return "User{" +

"name='" + name + '\'' +

", age=" + age +

", nickName=" + nickName +

'}';

}

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

trasientTest();

}

private static void trasientTest() {

User user = new User("salt fish", 18);

user.nickName = "芭比龙";

System.out.println("1: " + user);

ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

ObjectOutputStream oos = null;

byte[] userData = null;

try {

oos = new ObjectOutputStream(out);

oos.writeObject(user);

userData = out.toByteArray();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

ObjectInputStream ois = null;

try {

ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(userData));

user = (User)ois.readObject();

System.out.println("反序列化后 2: " + user);

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

打印结果：

1: User{name='salt fish', age=18, nickName=芭比龙}

反序列化后 2: User{name='salt fish', age=18, nickName=null}

3. 序列化的类中有未序列化的成员 时会序列化失败 必须成员实现序列化接口

4. 类序列化但是父类未序列化

static class Person{

private String sex;

private int id;

public Person() {

}

public Person(String sex, int id) {

this.sex = sex;

this.id = id;

}

public String getSex() {

return sex;

}

public void setSex(String sex) {

this.sex = sex;

}

public int getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(int id) {

this.id = id;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "Person{" +

"sex='" + sex + '\'' +

", id=" + id +

'}';

}

}

static class User extends Person implements Serializable {

public User(String name, int age,String sex,int id) {

super(sex,id);

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

}

public User(){

super();

};

public String name;

public int age;

//重写方法

private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream out) throws IOException {//不是重写父类的方案

out.defaultWriteObject();

out.writeObject(getSex());

out.writeInt(getId());

}

//重写方法

private void readObject(ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {

in.defaultReadObject();

setSex((String)in.readObject());

setId(in.readInt());

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "User{" +

"name='" + name + '\'' +

", age=" + age +

"} " + super.toString();

}

}

5. 父类可序列化 子类不想序列化

static class Person implements Serializable {

private static final long serialVersionUID = 5850510148907441688L;

private String sex;

private int id;

public Person() {

}

public Person(String sex, int id) {

this.sex = sex;

this.id = id;

}

public String getSex() {

return sex;

}

public void setSex(String sex) {

this.sex = sex;

}

public int getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(int id) {

this.id = id;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "Person{" +

"sex='" + sex + '\'' +

", id=" + id +

'}';

}

}

static class User extends Person {

public User(String name, int age, String sex, int id) {

super(sex, id);

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

}

public String name;

public int age;

@Override

public String toString() {

return "User{" +

"name='" + name + '\'' +

", age=" + age +

"} " + super.toString();

}

}

static class User1 extends Person {

public User1(String name, int age, String sex, int id) {

super(sex, id);

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

}

public String name;

public int age;

//子类不想被序列化的处理方式

private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream out) throws IOException {

throw new NotSerializableException("Can not serialize this class");

}

private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {

throw new NotSerializableException("Can not serialize this class");

}

private void readObjectNoData() throws ObjectStreamException {

throw new NotSerializableException("Can not serialize this class");

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "User{" +

"name='" + name + '\'' +

", age=" + age +

"} " + super.toString();

}

}

6. 序列化单例类

class Singleton implements Serializable{

public static Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();

private Singleton(){}

//这里返回单例实例

private Object readResolve(){

return INSTANCE;

}

}