java序列化实现_Java序列化的实现方式有哪些？

前言

Java常用的序列化方式包括基于流序列化、Json序列化、FastJson序列化、ProtoBuf序列化....

PS：基于流序列化的对象必须实现Serializable、Externalizable，会自动序列化所有非static和transient关键字修饰的成员变量

4种序列化方式实例

公共实体类

public class Student implements Serializable {

@Protobuf(fieldType = FieldType.STRING, required = false, order = 1)

private String name;

@Protobuf(fieldType = FieldType.INT32, required = false, order = 2)

private int age;

@Protobuf(fieldType = FieldType.STRING, required = false, order = 3)

public static String QQ = "123456";

@Protobuf(fieldType = FieldType.STRING, required = false, order = 4)

public transient String address = "CHINA"; // 被transient标记的变量不会被序列化(基于流)

public Student() {

}

public Student(String name, int age) {

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "org.ccccye.study.serializable.Student{" +

"name='" + name + '\'' +

", age=" + age +

", QQ=" + QQ +

", address='" + address + '\'' +

'}';

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public int getAge() {

return age;

}

public void setAge(int age) {

this.age = age;

}

}

实例代码

public class SerializableTest {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {

Student student = new Student("john", 18);

System.out.println(student);

// 1. 基于流序列化

Long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();

ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);

out.writeObject(student);

System.out.println("serialize "+(System.currentTimeMillis()-t1)+"ms, length:"+baos.toByteArray().length);

Long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();

ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray()));

Student newStudent = (Student) in.readObject();

System.out.println("deserialize:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-t2)+"ms");

System.out.println("serialize--"+newStudent);

in.close();

out.close();

// 2. jackson序列化

ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();

t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();

byte[] buff = mapper.writeValueAsBytes(student);

System.out.println("jackson serialize "+(System.currentTimeMillis()-t1)+"ms, length:"+buff.length);

// 反序列化

t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();

newStudent = mapper.readValue(buff, Student.class);

System.out.println("jackson deserialize "+(System.currentTimeMillis()-t2)+"ms");

System.out.println("jackson--"+newStudent);

// 3. fastjson序列化

t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();

buff = JSON.toJSONBytes(student);

System.out.println("fastjson serialize "+(System.currentTimeMillis()-t1)+"ms, length:"+buff.length);

t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();

newStudent = (Student) JSON.parseObject(buff,Student.class);

System.out.println("fastjson deserialize "+(System.currentTimeMillis()-t2)+"ms");

System.out.println("fastjson=="+newStudent);

// 4. protobuf序列化

Codec codec = ProtobufProxy.create(Student.class, false);

t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();

buff = codec.encode(student);

System.out.println("protobuf serialize "+(System.currentTimeMillis()-t1)+"ms, length:"+buff.length);

t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();

newStudent = codec.decode(buff);

System.out.println("protobuf deserialize "+(System.currentTimeMillis()-t2)+"ms");

System.out.println("protobuf--"+newStudent);

}

}

打印结果

org.ccccye.study.serializable.Student{name='john', age=18, QQ=123456, address='CHINA'}

serialize 87ms, length:103

deserialize:166ms

serialize--org.ccccye.study.serializable.Student{name='john', age=18, QQ=123456, address='null'}

jackson serialize 231ms, length:24

jackson deserialize 91ms

jackson--org.ccccye.study.serializable.Student{name='john', age=18, QQ=123456, address='CHINA'}

fastjson serialize 226ms, length:24

fastjson deserialize 40ms

fastjson==org.ccccye.study.serializable.Student{name='john', age=18, QQ=123456, address='CHINA'}

protobuf serialize 33ms, length:23

protobuf deserialize 0ms

protobuf--org.ccccye.study.serializable.Student{name='john', age=18, QQ=123456, address='CHINA'}

性能数据经过整理后

序列化方式

序列化耗时(ms)

反序列化耗时(ms)

数据大小

Serialize

87

166

103

jackson

231

91

24

fastjson

226

40

24

protobuf

33

0

23

总结

经过测试，在数据量很少的情况下，jackson和fastjson的资源开销差不多；与json相比，原生流的反序列化和数据大小表现远远差于json，但是序列化耗时较少；最强的是protobuf在数据大小跟json一致的情况下，序列化/反序列化耗时远远低于json，甚至反序列化1个对象时耗时接近于0

参考文档