android 解析 结构体,Android--hw_get_module解析

我们知道,google为了保护硬件厂商的信息,在Android中添加了一层,也就是大名鼎鼎的HAL层。

在看HAL的编写方法的过程中,会发现整个模块貌似没有一个入口。一般说来模块都要有个入口,比如应用程序有main函数,可以为加载器进行加载执行,dll文件有dllmain,而对于我们自己写的动态链接库,我们可以对库中导出的任何符号进行调用。

问题来了,Android中的HAL是比较具有通用性的,需要上层的函数对其进行加载调用,Android的HAL加载器是如何实现对不同的Hardware Module进行通用性的调用的呢?

带着这个疑问查看Android源码,会发现Android中实现调用HAL是通过hw_get_module实现的。

[cpp] view plaincopy

1.int hw_get_module(const char *id, const struct hw_module_t **module);

这是其函数原型,id会指定Hardware的id,这是一个字符串,比如我们比较熟悉的led的id是

#define SENSORS_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID “led”,如果找到了对应的hw_module_t结构体,会将其指针放入*module中。看看它的实现。

[cpp] view plaincopy

1.124 int hw_get_module(const char *id, const struct hw_module_t **module)

2.125 {

3.126        int status;

4.127        int i;

5.128        const struct hw_module_t *hmi = NULL;

6.129        char prop[PATH_MAX];

7.130        char path[PATH_MAX];

8.131

9.132        /*

10.133        * Here we rely on the fact that calling dlopen multiple times on

11.134        * the same .so will simply increment a refcount (and not load

12.135        * a new copy of the library).

13.136        * We also assume that dlopen() is thread-safe.

14.137        */

15.138

16.139        /* Loop through the configuration variants looking for a module */

17.140        for (i=0 ; i

18.141                if (i < HAL_VARIANT_KEYS_COUNT) {

19.142                        if (property_get(variant_keys[i], prop, NULL) == 0) { //获取数组variant_keys里的属性值

20.

21.143                                continue;

22.144                        }

23.145                        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s.%s.so",

24.146                        HAL_LIBRARY_PATH, id, prop);//如果开发板叫做fs100,这里就加载system/lib/hw/led.fs100.so

25.147                } else { snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s.default.so",

26.149                        HAL_LIBRARY_PATH, id);//这里默认加载system/lib/hw/led.default.so

27.150                }

28.151                if (access(path, R_OK)) {

29.152                        continue;

30.153                }

31.154                /* we found a library matching this id/variant */

32.155                break;

33.156        }

34.157

35.158        status = -ENOENT;

36.159        if (i < HAL_VARIANT_KEYS_COUNT+1) {

37.160                /* load the module, if this fails, we're doomed, and we should not try

38.161                * to load a different variant. */

39.162                status = load(id, path, module);//load函数是关键,调用load函数打开动态链接库

40.163        }

41.164

42.165        return status;

43.166 }

上述代码主要是获取动态链接库的路径,并调用load函数去打开指定路径下的库文件,load函数是关键所在。

好,那我们就来解开load函数的神秘面纱!!!

[cpp] view plaincopy

1. 65 static int load(const char *id,

2. 66                const char *path,

3. 67                const struct hw_module_t **pHmi)

4. 68 {

5. 69        int status;

6. 70        void *handle;

7. 71        struct hw_module_t *hmi;

8. 72

9. 73        /*

10. 74        * load the symbols resolving undefined symbols before

11. 75        * dlopen returns. Since RTLD_GLOBAL is not or'd in with

12. 76        * RTLD_NOW the external symbols will not be global

13. 77        */

14. 78        handle = dlopen(path, RTLD_NOW);

15. 79        if (handle == NULL) {

16. 80                char const *err_str = dlerror();

17. 81                LOGE("load: module=%s\n%s", path, err_str?err_str:"unknown");

18. 82                status = -EINVAL;

19. 83                goto done;

20. 84        }

21. 85

22. 86        /* Get the address of the struct hal_module_info. */

23. 87        const char *sym = HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM_AS_STR;

24. 88        hmi = (struct hw_module_t *)dlsym(handle, sym);

25. 89        if (hmi == NULL) {

26. 90                LOGE("load: couldn't find symbol %s", sym);

27. 91                status = -EINVAL;

28. 92                goto done;

29. 93        }

30. 94

31. 95        /* Check that the id matches */

32. 96        if (strcmp(id, hmi->id) != 0) {

33. 97     &nnbsp;          LOGE("load: id=%s != hmi->id=%s", id, hmi->id);

34. 98                status = -EINVAL;

35. 99                goto done;

36.100        }

37.101

38.102        hmi->dso = handle;

39.103

40.104        /* success */

41.105        status = 0;

42.106

43. 93        }

44. 94

45. 95        /* Check that the id matches */

46. 96        if (strcmp(id, hmi->id) != 0) {

47. 97                LOGE("load: id=%s != hmi->id=%s", id, hmi->id);

48. 98                status = -EINVAL;

49. 99                goto done;

50.100        }

51.101

52.102        hmi->dso = handle;

53.103

54.104        /* success */

55.105    nbsp;    status = 0;

56.106

57.107        done:

58.108        if (status != 0) {

59.109                hmi = NULL;

60.110                if (handle != NULL) {

61.111                        dlclose(handle);

62.112                        handle = NULL;

63.113                }

64.114        } else {

65.115                LOGV("loaded HAL id=%s path=%s hmi=%p handle=%p",

66.116                        id, path, *pHmi, handle);

67.117        }

68.118

69.119        *pHmi = hmi;

70.120

71.121        return status;

72.122 }

这里有一个宏HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM_AS_STR需要注意:

[cpp] view plaincopy

1.#define HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM_AS_STR "HMI"

其中hmi = (structhw_module_t *)dlsym(handle, sym);

这里是查找“HMI”这个导出符号,并获取其地址。

看到这里,我们不禁要问,为什么根据“HMI”这个导出符号,就可以从动态链接库中找到结构体hw_module_t呢??

我们知道,ELF = Executable and Linkable Format,可执行连接格式,是UNIX系统实验室(USL)作为应用程序二进制接口(Application Binary Interface,ABI)而开发和发布的,扩展名为elf。一个ELF头在文件的开始,保存了路线图(road map),描述了该文件的组织情况。sections保存着object 文件的信息,从连接角度看:包括指令,数据,符号表,重定位信息等等。我们的led.default.so就是一个elf格式的文件。

[cpp] view plaincopy

1.linux@ubuntu:~/eclair_2.1_farsight/out/target/product/fs100/system/lib/hw$ file led.default.so

2.led.default.so: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, stripped

所以说,我们可以使用unix给我们提供的readelf命令去查看相应的符号信息,就一目了然了!

[cpp] view plaincopy

1.linux@ubuntu:~/eclair_2.1_farsight/out/target/product/fs100/system/lib/hw$ readelf -s led.default.so

2.

3.Symbol table '.dynsym' contains 25 entries:

4.                Num:            Value        Size        Type                 Bind                          Vis                  Ndx  Name

5.                0:           00000000        0             NOTYPE        LOCAL                DEFAULT            UND

6.                1:           000004c8        0             SECTION       LOCAL                DEFAULT            7

7.                2:           00001000        0             SECTION       LOCAL               DEFAULT            11

8.                3:           00000000        0             FUNC              GLOBAL            DEFAULT            UND ioctl

9.                4:           000006d4        0             NOTYPE         GLOBAL            DEFAULT            ABS __exidx_end

10.                5:         00000000        0            FUNC              GLOBAL             DEFAULT            UND __aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr0

11.                6:         00001178        0            NOTYPE         GLOBAL             DEFAULT           ABS _bss_end__

12.                7:         00000000        0            FUNC              GLOBAL             DEFAULT           UND malloc

13.                8:         00001174        0            NOTYPE         GLOBAL             DEFAULT           ABS __bss_start__

14.                9:         00000000        0            FUNC              GLOBAL             DEFAULT           UND __android_log_print

15.                10:       000006ab        0            NOTYPE         GLOBAL             DEFAULT           ABS __exidx_start

16.                11:       00001174        4            OBJECT          GLOBAL             DEFAULT           15 fd

17.                12:       000005d5        60           FUNC             GLOBAL             DEFAULT           7 led_set_off

18.                13:       00001178        0            NOTYPE&nbspnbsp;         GLOBAL            DEFAULT            ABS __bss_end__

19.                14:        00001174        0           NOTYPE          GLOBAL            DEFAULT            ABS __bss_start

20.                15:       00000000        0            FUNC               GLOBAL            DEFAULT            UND memset

21.                16:       00001178        0           NOTYPE           GLOBAL            DEFAULT            ABS __end__

22.                17:       00001174        0           NOTYPE           GLOBAL            DEFAULT            ABS _edata

23.                18:       00001178        0           NOTYPE           GLOBAL            DEFAULT            ABS _end

24.                19:       00000000        0           FUNC                GLOBAL            DEFAULT            UND open

25.                20:       00080000        0           NOTYPE           GLOBAL            DEFAULT            ABS _stack

26.                21:       00001000        128      OBJECT            GLOBAL            DEFAULT            11 HMI

27.                22:       00001170        0           NOTYPE           GLOBAL            DEFAULT            14 __data_start

28.                23:       00000000        0           FUNC                GLOBAL            DEFAULT            UND close

29.                24:       00000000        0           FUNC                GLOBAL            DEFAULT            UND free

在21行我们发现,名字就是“HMI”,对应于hw_module_t结构体。再去对照一下HAL的代码。

[cpp] view plaincopy

1.const struct led_module_t HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM = {

2.        common: {

3.                tag: HARDWARE_MODULE_TAG,

4.                version_major: 1,

5.                version_minor: 0,

6.                id: LED_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID,

7.                name: "led HAL module",

8.                author: "farsight",

9.                methods: &led_module_methods,

10.        },

11.

12.};

这里定义了一个名为HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM的copybit_module_t的结构体,common成员为hw_module_t类型。注意这里的HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM变量必须为这个名字,这样编译器才会将这个结构体的导出符号变为“HMI”,这样这个结构体才能被dlsym函数找到!

综上,我们知道了andriod HAL模块也有一个通用的入口地址,这个入口地址就是HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM变量,通过它,我们可以访问到HAL模块中的所有想要外部访问到的方法。

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