Zone plate test image
A zone plate is a radially symmetric pattern with low frequencies in the middle and high frequencies near the edge. It is useful for experimenting with frequency- and direction-sensitive filtering and also for testing the anti-aliasing capability of image resizing methods.
For more, see:
http://blogs.mathworks.com/steve/2011/07/19/jahne-test-pattern-take-3/
http://blogs.mathworks.com/steve/2011/07/22/filtering-fun/