windows c++ (1) 基于libcurl的SFTP获取linux目录、下载、上传

1、目标

近期项目做文件传输都是基于sftp，这里我选择了libcurl。不过要注意的是libcurl默认下并不支持SFTP，需要在编译的时候添加libssh2依赖项，而libssh2又依赖于openssl和zlib。注意讲一下目录，下载上传网上很多。

2、编译库

由于一些基建库的原因，我自己的c++环境用的是vs2010， 我的curl库。
这里我推荐链接: 柴承训编译libcurl的博客

3、获取linux目录

这里都是基于libcurl官方提供的example。

注意点1

curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL,“sftp://127.0.0.1:22/home/”);

sftp://127.0.0.1:22/usr/ 定位到目录一定记得加斜杠，否则指定就不同了。

注意点2

是否使用 CURLOPT_DIRLISTONLY，如果你单纯的只想拿到目录的名称请调用curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_DIRLISTONLY, 1);
如果，你想获取所有的信息，请千万不要加这一句；

调用CURLOPT_DIRLISTONLY结果：

..
user
docker
chry
dmdba
.

不调用CURLOPT_DIRLISTONLY结果：

drwxrwxr-x   25 root     root         4096 Nov  3 10:45 ..
drwx------   42 user     user         4096 Nov 17 19:11 user
drwxrwxrwx   11 root     root         4096 Nov  8 16:59 docker
drwxr-xr-x    3 root     root         4096 Jul 28 17:29 chry
drwxr-xr-x    3 root     root         4096 Nov  2 13:53 dmdba
drwxr-xr-x    6 root     root         4096 Nov  2 11:13 .

获取结果解析

整体代码如下：

/***************************************************************************
 *                                  _   _ ____  _
 *  Project                     ___| | | |  _ \| |
 *                             / __| | | | |_) | |
 *                            | (__| |_| |  _ <| |___
 *                             \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1998 - 2022, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
 *
 * This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
 * you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
 * are also available at https://curl.se/docs/copyright.html.
 *
 * You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
 *
 * This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: curl
 *
 ***************************************************************************/
 /* <DESC>
  * Gets a file using an SFTP URL.
  * </DESC>
  */

#include <stdio.h>

#include <curl/curl.h>

  /* define this to switch off the use of ssh-agent in this program */
#undef DISABLE_SSH_AGENT

/*
 * This is an example showing how to get a single file from an SFTP server.
 * It delays the actual destination file creation until the first write
 * callback so that it will not create an empty file in case the remote file
 * does not exist or something else fails.
 */

struct FtpFile {
    const char* filename;
    FILE* stream;
};

static size_t my_fwrite(void* buffer, size_t size, size_t nmemb,
    void* stream)
{
    struct FtpFile* out = (struct FtpFile*)stream;
    if (!out->stream) {
        /* open file for writing */
        out->stream = fopen(out->filename, "wb");
        if (!out->stream)
            return -1; /* failure, cannot open file to write */
    }
    return fwrite(buffer, size, nmemb, out->stream);
}


int main(void)
{
    CURL* curl;
    CURLcode res;
    struct FtpFile ftpfile = {
      "D:\\download\\1.txt", /* name to store the file as if successful */
      NULL
    };

    curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT);

    curl = curl_easy_init();
    if (curl) {
        /*
         * You better replace the URL with one that works!
         */
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL,
            "sftp://127.0.0.1:22/home/");
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_USERPWD, "username:password");
        /* Define our callback to get called when there's data to be written */
        /* Enable SSL/TLS for FTP, pick one of:
     CURLUSESSL_TRY     - try using SSL, proceed anyway otherwise
     CURLUSESSL_CONTROL - SSL for the control connection or fail
     CURLUSESSL_ALL     - SSL for all communication or fail
  	*/
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_USE_SSL, CURLUSESSL_TRY);
        /* talk a lot */
		curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1);
		
		/* DIRLISTONLY */
		//curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_DIRLISTONLY, 1);
		
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, my_fwrite);
        /* Set a pointer to our struct to pass to the callback */
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &ftpfile);

#ifndef DISABLE_SSH_AGENT
        /* We activate ssh agent. For this to work you need
           to have ssh-agent running (type set | grep SSH_AGENT to check) or
           pageant on Windows (there is an icon in systray if so) */
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSH_AUTH_TYPES, CURLSSH_AUTH_PASSWORD);
#endif

        /* Switch on full protocol/debug output */
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L);

        res = curl_easy_perform(curl);

        /* always cleanup */
        curl_easy_cleanup(curl);

        if (CURLE_OK != res) {
            /* we failed */
            fprintf(stderr, "curl told us %d\n", res);
        }
    }

    if (ftpfile.stream)
        fclose(ftpfile.stream); /* close the local file */

    curl_global_cleanup();

    return 0;
}

4、下载上传文件

这个网上的例子很多，推荐一个，SFTP+FTP上传下载。