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CppUTest

CppUTest unit testing and mocking framework for C/C++

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Getting Started

You'll need to do the following to get started:

Building from source (unix-based, cygwin, MacOSX):

git clone git://github.com/cpputest/cpputest.git

cd cpputest_build

autoreconf .. -i

../configure

make

You can use make install if you want to install CppUTest system-wide

You can also use CMake, which also works for Windows Visual Studio.

Download latest version

cmake CMakeLists.txt

make

Then to get started, you'll need to do the following:

Add the include path to the Makefile. Something like:

CPPFLAGS += -I$(CPPUTEST_HOME)/include

Add the memory leak macros to your Makefile (needed for additional debug info!). Something like:

CXXFLAGS += -include $(CPPUTEST_HOME)/include/CppUTest/MemoryLeakDetectorNewMacros.h

CFLAGS += -include $(CPPUTEST_HOME)/include/CppUTest/MemoryLeakDetectorMallocMacros.h

Add the library linking to your Makefile. Something like:

LD_LIBRARIES = -L$(CPPUTEST_HOME)/lib -lCppUTest -lCppUTestExt

After this, you can write your first test:

TEST_GROUP(FirstTestGroup)

{

};

TEST(FirstTestGroup, FirstTest)

{

FAIL("Fail me!");

}

Command line switches

-h help, shows the latest help, including the parameters we've implemented after updating this README page.

-v verbose, print each test name as it runs

-r# repeat the tests some number of times, default is one, default if # is not specified is 2. This is handy if you are experiencing memory leaks related to statics and caches.

-s# random shuffle the test execution order. # is an integer used for seeding the random number generator. # is optional, and if omitted, the seed value is chosen automatically, which results in a different order every time. The seed value is printed to console to make it possible to reproduce a previously generated execution order. Handy for detecting problems related to dependencies between tests.

-g group only run test whose group contains the substring group

-n name only run test whose name contains the substring name

-f crash on fail, run the tests as normal but, when a test fails, crash rather than report the failure in the normal way

Test Macros

TEST(group, name) - define a test

IGNORE_TEST(group, name) - turn off the execution of a test

TEST_GROUP(group) - Declare a test group to which certain tests belong. This will also create the link needed from another library.

TEST_GROUP_BASE(group, base) - Same as TEST_GROUP, just use a different base class than Utest

TEST_SETUP() - Declare a void setup method in a TEST_GROUP - this is the same as declaring void setup()

TEST_TEARDOWN() - Declare a void setup method in a TEST_GROUP

IMPORT_TEST_GROUP(group) - Export the name of a test group so it can be linked in from a library. Needs to be done in main.

Set up and tear down support

Each TEST_GROUP may contain a setup and/or a teardown method.

setup() is called prior to each TEST body and teardown() is called after the test body.

Assertion Macros

The failure of one of these macros causes the current test to immediately exit

CHECK(boolean condition) - checks any boolean result

CHECK_TRUE(boolean condition) - checks for true

CHECK_FALSE(boolean condition) - checks for false

CHECK_EQUAL(expected, actual) - checks for equality between entities using ==. So if you have a class that supports operator==() you can use this macro to compare two instances.

STRCMP_EQUAL(expected, actual) - check const char* strings for equality using strcmp

LONGS_EQUAL(expected, actual) - Compares two numbers

BYTES_EQUAL(expected, actual) - Compares two numbers, eight bits wide

POINTERS_EQUAL(expected, actual) - Compares two const void *

DOUBLES_EQUAL(expected, actual, tolerance) - Compares two doubles within some tolerance

ENUMS_EQUAL_INT(excepted, actual) - Compares two enums which their underlying type is int

ENUMS_EQUAL_TYPE(underlying_type, excepted, actual) - Compares two enums which they have the same underlying type

FAIL(text) - always fails

TEST_EXIT - Exit the test without failure - useful for contract testing (implementing an assert fake)

Customize CHECK_EQUAL to work with your types that support operator==()

Create the function: SimpleString StringFrom(const yourType&)

The Extensions directory has a few of these.

Building default checks with TestPlugin

CppUTest can support extra checking functionality by inserting TestPlugins

TestPlugin is derived from the TestPlugin class and can be inserted in the TestRegistry via the installPlugin method.

TestPlugins can be used for, for example, system stability and resource handling like files, memory or network connection clean-up.

In CppUTest, the memory leak detection is done via a default enabled TestPlugin

Example of a main with a TestPlugin:

int main(int ac, char** av)

{

LogPlugin logPlugin;

TestRegistry::getCurrentRegistry()->installPlugin(&logPlugin);

int result = CommandLineTestRunner::RunAllTests(ac, av);

TestRegistry::getCurrentRegistry()->resetPlugins();

return result;

}

Memory leak detection

A platform specific memory leak detection mechanism is provided.

If a test fails and has allocated memory prior to the fail and that memory is not cleaned up by TearDown, a memory leak is reported.

It is best to only chase memory leaks when other errors have been eliminated.

Some code uses lazy initialization and appears to leak when it really does not (for example: gcc stringstream used to in an earlier release). One cause is that some standard library calls allocate something and do not free it until after main (or never).

To find out if a memory leak is due to lazy initialization set the -r switch to run tests twice. The signature of this situation is that the first run shows leaks and the second run shows no leaks. When both runs show leaks, you have a leak to find.

How is memory leak detection implemented?

Before setup() a memory usage checkpoint is recorded

After teardown() another checkpoint is taken and compared to the original checkpoint

In Visual Studio the MS debug heap capabilities are used

For GCC a simple new/delete count is used in overridden operators new, new[], delete and delete[]

If you use some leaky code that you can't or won't fix you can tell a TEST to ignore a certain number of leaks as in this example:

TEST(MemoryLeakWarningTest, Ignore1)

{

EXPECT_N_LEAKS(1);

char* arrayToLeak1 = new char[100];

}

Example Main

#include "CppUTest/CommandLineTestRunner.h"

int main(int ac, char** av)

{

return RUN_ALL_TESTS(ac, av);

}

Example Test

#include "CppUTest/TestHarness.h"

#include "ClassName.h"

TEST_GROUP(ClassName)

{

ClassName* className;

void setup()

{

className = new ClassName();

}

void teardown()

{

delete className;

}

};

TEST(ClassName, Create)

{

CHECK(0 != className);

CHECK(true);

CHECK_EQUAL(1,1);

LONGS_EQUAL(1,1);

DOUBLES_EQUAL(1.000, 1.001, .01);

STRCMP_EQUAL("hello", "hello");

FAIL("The prior tests pass, but this one doesn't");

}

There are some scripts that are helpful in creating your initial h, cpp, and

Test files. See scripts/README.TXT

Integration as external CMake project

Sometimes you want to use CppUTest in your project without installing it to your system or for having control over the version you are using. This little snippet get the wanted version from Github and builds it as a library.

# CppUTest

include(FetchContent)

FetchContent_Declare(

CppUTest

GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/cpputest/cpputest.git

GIT_TAG latest-passing-build # or use release tag, eg. v3.8

)

# Set this to ON if you want to have the CppUTests in your project as well.

set(TESTS OFF CACHE BOOL "Switch off CppUTest Test build")

FetchContent_MakeAvailable(CppUTest)

It can be used then like so:

add_executable(run_tests UnitTest1.cpp UnitTest2.cpp)

target_link_libraries(run_tests PRIVATE CppUTest CppUTestExt)