java 自动序列化_java序列化的实现

一. 自动序列化

1. java中要序列化对象要时，只要实现Serilizable接口即可，默认对象的所有属性都会被序列化，但是静态变量(static)不能被序列化。

实例代码如下：

1 public class Student implementsSerializable {2

3 private static final long serialVersionUID = -2378603120577464262L;4

5 public Student(intid, String name, LocalDate birth) {6 this.id =id;7 this.name =name;8 this.birth =birth;9 }10

11 private intid;12 privateString name;13 privateLocalDate birth;14

15 public intgetId() {16 returnid;17 }18

19 public void setId(intid) {20 this.id =id;21 }22

23 publicString getName() {24 returnname;25 }26

27 public voidsetName(String name) {28 this.name =name;29 }30

31 publicLocalDate getBirth() {32 returnbirth;33 }34

35 public voidsetBirth(LocalDate birth) {36 this.birth =birth;37 }38

39 @Override40 publicString toString() {41 return "id=" + this.id + ";name=" + this.name + ";birth=" + this.birth;42 }43 }

序列化代码实现如下：

1 public classTestClass {2

3 public static void main(String[] args) throwsIOException {4 try{5 serialize();6 } catch(Exception e) {7 System.err.println(e);8 }9

10 try{11 deserialize();12 } catch(Exception e) {13 System.err.println(e);14 }15 }16

17 private final static String FILENAME = "D:\\workfolder\\abc.txt";18

19 public static void serialize() throwsIOException {21 Student student = new Student(10, "张三", LocalDate.of(2005, 10, 10));22 System.out.println(student);23 ObjectOutputStream os = new ObjectOutputStream(newFileOutputStream(FILENAME));24 os.writeObject(student);25 os.flush();26 os.close();27 }28

29 public static void deserialize() throwsIOException, ClassNotFoundException {30 ObjectInputStream stream = new ObjectInputStream(newFileInputStream(FILENAME));31 Student student =(Student) stream.readObject();32 stream.close();33 System.out.println(student);35 }36

37 }

结果显示：

id=10;name=张三;birth=2005-10-10

id=10;name=张三;birth=2005-10-10

有时候对象的某些属性不需要进行序列化，比方密码等敏感数据，可以在这些变量上加上 transient关键字来修饰，用transient来修饰的属性则不会被序列化。

比如，将Student的birth属性改为如下：

private transient LocalDate birth;

重新执行序列化和反序列化，则如下结果：

id=10;name=张三;birth=2005-10-10

id=10;name=张三;birth=null

2.transient关键字只能修饰变量，而不能修饰方法和类。变量如果是用户自定义类变量，则该类需要实现Serializable接口。

二. 自定以序列化

1: JDK中提供了另一个序列化接口--Externalizable，使用该接口之后，之前基于Serializable接口的序列化机制就将失效。Externalizable继承于Serializable，当使用该接口时，序列化的细节需要由程序员去完成。

实例代码如下：

1 public classTestClass {2

3 public static voidmain(String[] args) {4 try{5 serialize();6 } catch(Exception e) {7 System.err.println(e);8 }9

10 try{11 deserialize();12 } catch(Exception e) {13 System.err.println(e);14 }15 }16

17 private final static String FILENAME = "D:\\workfolder\\abc.txt";18

19 public static void serialize() throwsIOException {20 Address address = new Address("广东省", "广州市", "天河区");21 ObjectOutputStream os = new ObjectOutputStream(newFileOutputStream(FILENAME));22 os.writeObject(address);23 os.flush();24 os.close();25 }26

27 public static void deserialize() throwsIOException, ClassNotFoundException {28 ObjectInputStream stream = new ObjectInputStream(newFileInputStream(FILENAME));29 Address address =(Address) stream.readObject();30 stream.close();31 System.out.println(address);32 }33 }

1 public class Address implementsExternalizable {2

3 privateString sheng;4 privateString shi;5 privateString qu;6

7 publicAddress() {

System.out.println("init...");8 }9

10 publicAddress(String sheng, String shi, String qu) {11 super();12 this.sheng =sheng;13 this.shi =shi;14 this.qu =qu;15 }16

17 publicString getSheng() {18 returnsheng;19 }20

21 public voidsetSheng(String sheng) {22 this.sheng =sheng;23 }24

25 publicString getShi() {26 returnshi;27 }28

29 public voidsetShi(String shi) {30 this.shi =shi;31 }32

33 publicString getQu() {34 returnqu;35 }36

37 public voidsetQu(String qu) {38 this.qu =qu;39 }40

41 @Override42 publicString toString() {43 return "sheng=" + this.sheng + ";shi=" + this.shi + ";qu=" + this.qu;44 }45

46 @Override47 public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throwsIOException {48

49 out.writeUTF(sheng);50 out.writeUTF(shi);51 out.writeUTF(qu);52 }53

54 @Override55 public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throwsIOException, ClassNotFoundException {56 sheng =in.readUTF();57 shi =in.readUTF();58 qu =in.readUTF();59 }60 }

输出结果如下：

init...

sheng=广东省;shi=广州市;qu=天河区

使用Externalizable进行序列化，对象必须有一个无参的构造函数，且访问权限为public，当读取对象时，会调用被序列化类的无参构造器去创建一个新的对象，然后再将被保存对象的字段的值分别填充到新对象中。

2: 实现Serializable , 添加下列两个方法，

private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s) throws IOException {

...

}

private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {

...

}

具体实现略