mysql 磁盘组_Linux 磁盘组划分详细介绍

Linux 磁盘组划分详细介绍

基本概念：

磁盘、分区、物理卷【物理部分】

卷组【中间部分】

逻辑卷、文件系统【虚拟化后可控制部分】

1. pv vg lv  物理  卷组 逻辑

pvdisplay

vgdisplay

lvdisplay

pvs

vgs

lvs

2.查看文件系统及其挂载点

# df -h

文件系统              容量  已用  可用 已用%% 挂载点

/dev/sda3              26G   16G  8.7G  64% /

tmpfs                 1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1             504M   37M  443M   8% /boot

/dev/sdb1             109G   69G   35G  67% /var/lib/mysql

文件系统可以是逻辑卷，也可以直接为物理分区。

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root   逻辑卷

/dev/sdb1   物理分区

3.磁盘信息查看

# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes

64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 30720 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x0006dbeb

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           2         513      524288   83  Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2             514        4609     4194304   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda3            4610       30720    26737664   83  Linux

Partition 3 does not end on cylinder boundary.

Disk /dev/sdb: 118.1 GB, 118111600640 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14359 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x276e626e

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1       14359   115338636   83  Linux

两个物理硬盘：

Disk /dev/sda:

Disk /dev/sdb:

除了显示硬盘分区，同时显示逻辑卷信息，逻辑卷以vg_开头

fdisk /dev/sdb 对物理磁盘进行分区。

案例操作：

扩容；/ 目录增加8G

机器原本/目录有22G，属于逻辑卷。因此可以直接增加，如果是直接的物理磁盘，则不能在该目录扩容

[root@mysqlsource]# df -h

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol01

22G   16G  4.7G  77% /

tmpfs                 3.8G  224K  3.8G   1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1             485M   34M  427M   8% /boot

新增加硬盘(/dev/sdb   16G)：

[root@mysqlsource]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes

64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 30720 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x0008c51d

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           2         501      512000   83  Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2             502       30720    30944256   8e  Linux LVM

Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.

Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol01: 23.1 GB, 23089643520 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2807 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol00: 8594 MB, 8594128896 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/sdb: 17.2 GB, 17179869184 bytes

64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 16384 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

可以对/dev/sdb 进行分区

fdisk /dev/sdb

看到新建分区sdb1

fdisk -l

然后对sdb1创建成物理卷，也可以直接把/dev/sdb创建成物理卷

创建物理卷：

[root@mysqlsource ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb

Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created

查看卷组 VolGroup

[root@mysqlsource ~]# vgs

VG       #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree

VolGroup   1   2   0 wz--n- 29.51g    0

新建的物理分区，分配到卷组VolGroup

[root@mysqlsource ~]# vgextend VolGroup /dev/sdb

Volume group "VolGroup" successfully extended

查看需要新增的lv卷

[root@mysqlsource ~]# lvs

LV       VG       Attr      LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert

LogVol00 VolGroup -wi-ao---  8.00g

LogVol01 VolGroup -wi-ao--- 21.50g

增加lv卷lvextend -L +[??]g /dev/[vg]/[lv] (加8G)

[root@mysqlsource ~]# lvextend -L +8G /dev/VolGroup/LogVol01

Extending logical volume LogVol01 to 29.50 GiB

Logical volume LogVol01 successfully resized

在线扩容 resize2fs /dev/[vg]/[lv]

[root@mysqlsource ~]# resize2fs /dev/VolGroup/LogVol01

resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem at /dev/VolGroup/LogVol01 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required

old desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 2

Performing an on-line resize of /dev/VolGroup/LogVol01 to 7734272 (4k) blocks.

The filesystem on /dev/VolGroup/LogVol01 is now 7734272 blocks long.

空间已扩展为30G

[root@mysqlsource ~]# df -h

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol01

30G   16G   13G  56% /

tmpfs                 3.8G  224K  3.8G   1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1             485M   34M  427M   8% /boot

vgs可以看到VolGroup扩展了容量，VFreee是剩下可用容量，如果显示8.00G，

[root@mysqlsource ~]# vgs

VG       #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree

VolGroup   2   2   0 wz--n- 45.50g 8.00g

[root@mysqlsource ~]#

把剩余8G加上

[root@mysqlsource ~]# lvextend -L +8G /dev/VolGroup/LogVol01

Extending logical volume LogVol01 to 37.50 GiB

Insufficient free space: 2048 extents needed, but only 2047 available

[root@mysqlsource ~]#

[root@mysqlsource ~]# df -h

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol01

30G   16G   13G  56% /

tmpfs                 3.8G  224K  3.8G   1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1             485M   34M  427M   8% /boot

[root@mysqlsource ~]# resize2fs /dev/VolGroup/LogVol01

resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

The filesystem is already 7734272 blocks long.  Nothing to do!

[root@mysqlsource ~]# lvextend -L +7G /dev/VolGroup/LogVol01

Extending logical volume LogVol01 to 36.50 GiB

Logical volume LogVol01 successfully resized

[root@mysqlsource ~]# resize2fs /dev/VolGroup/LogVol01

resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem at /dev/VolGroup/LogVol01 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required

old desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 3

Performing an on-line resize of /dev/VolGroup/LogVol01 to 9569280 (4k) blocks.

The filesystem on /dev/VolGroup/LogVol01 is now 9569280 blocks long.

[root@mysqlsource ~]# vgs

VG       #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree

VolGroup   2   2   0 wz--n- 45.50g 1020.00m

[root@mysqlsource ~]#

新建逻辑卷并且挂载磁盘

fdisk /dev/sdc 进行分区，分成一个/dev/sdbc1物理磁盘

pvcreate:

[root@mysqlsource ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc1

Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created

pvremove:

[root@mysqlsource ~]# pvremove /dev/sdc1

Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully wiped

vgcreate:

[root@mysqlsource ~]# vgcreate VolGroup1 /dev/sdc1

Volume group "VolGroup1" successfully created

[root@mysqlsource ~]# vgs

VG        #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize    VFree

VolGroup    2   2   0 wz--n-   45.50g 1020.00m

VolGroup1   1   0   0 wz--n- 1020.00m 1020.00m

[root@mysqlsource ~]#

vgremove:

[root@mysqlsource ~]# vgremove VolGroup1

Volume group "VolGroup1" successfully removed

[root@mysqlsource ~]#

lvcreate:

[root@mysqlsource ~]# lvcreate -n LogVol02 -L 1020m VolGroup1

Logical volume "LogVol02" created

[root@mysqlsource ~]# lvs

LV       VG        Attr      LSize    Pool Origin Data%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert

LogVol00 VolGroup  -wi-ao---    8.00g

LogVol01 VolGroup  -wi-ao---   36.50g

LogVol02 VolGroup1 -wi-a---- 1020.00m

[root@mysqlsource ~]#

lvremove:

[root@mysqlsource ~]# lvremove /dev/VolGroup1/LogVol02

Do you really want to remove active logical volume LogVol02? [y/n]: y

Logical volume "LogVol02" successfully removed

[root@mysqlsource ~]#

[root@mysqlsource ~]# lvs

LV       VG        Attr      LSize    Pool Origin Data%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert

LogVol00 VolGroup  -wi-ao---    8.00g

LogVol01 VolGroup  -wi-ao---   36.50g

LogVol02 VolGroup1 -wi-a---- 1020.00m

格式化文件系统

[root@mysqlsource ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/VolGroup1/LogVol02

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

65280 inodes, 261120 blocks

13056 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456

8 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8160 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (4096 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 20 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@mysqlsource ~]#

[root@mysqlsource ~]#

[root@mysqlsource ~]# mkdir /test

挂载文件系统

[root@mysqlsource ~]# mount /dev/VolGroup1/LogVol02 /test

查看

[root@mysqlsource ~]# df -h

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol01

36G   16G   19G  46% /

tmpfs                 3.8G  224K  3.8G   1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1             485M   34M  427M   8% /boot

/dev/mapper/VolGroup1-LogVol02

1004M   18M  936M   2% /test

[root@mysqlsource ~]#

/home的挂载设备对应的逻辑卷非常大，但是/挂载的逻辑卷空间较小，需要减小/home逻辑卷，加大/对应的逻辑卷。

umount /home【首先必须卸下挂载点，umount时相关设备必须是空闲的，但是像/及/root有些系统服务无法被 终止，也就无法umount，因此像/ /root这些挂载点最好安装的时候最好就有所规划，但是我们可以让他扩大还是没有问题】

在umount过程中如果有设备占用情况可使用

fuser -m -k /home终止相关进程，再次umount /home成功

df 看不到 /home挂载点

必须先检测设备映射

e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/vg_dbcentos6-lv_home

减小/home大小，原有4G，减小到1G

resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_dbcentos6-lv_home 1G

重新挂载

mount /dev/mapper/vg_dbcentos6-lv_home /home

df -h 看到/home只剩1G了

以上只是减少了文件设备的大小，还要进一步减小对应逻辑卷大小

lvresize -L 1G /dev/mapper/vg_dbcentos6-lv_home【此过程会提示可能丢数据，如果有必要，请先备份

/home下数据在做操作】

lvresize -L +3GM /dev/mapper/vg_dbcentos6-lv_root【lv_root逻辑卷新增3G】

resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_dbcentos6-lv_root 【这个命令不带参数，表示把多出来的容量都加到当前文件系统】

df -h【看到容量增加了】

总结一下案例2的过程，先umount、接下来efsck -f、接下来resize2fs要减小的文件系统、mount文件系统、

lvresize要减小的逻辑卷、lvresize要增大的逻辑卷、resize2fs要增大的文件系统。