Filter过滤器总结(一)

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-23 13:45:23 发布

凯耐

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-23 13:45:23 发布

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分类专栏： Java Web 文章标签： filter 服务器

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_36279318/article/details/78681969

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(一)什么是过滤器？有什么作用？

1.说明：浏览器访问服务器目标资源时，过滤器实现拦截，如果过滤器判断的是合理请求，那么就允许访问目标资源。

(二)使用MyFilter过滤器拦截MyServlet程序

1.MyServlet程序

package com.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");      
        response.getWriter().print("没有Filter程序拦截，我可以在浏览器中显示，哈哈....");
    }


    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        doGet(request, response);
    }

}

2.请求MyServlet页面时，使用Filter程序拦截

package com.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

public class MyFilter implements Filter {

    public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
        // 1.在初始化是调用过滤器对象
    }

    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
            throws IOException, ServletException {

        // 2.当拦截到用户请求时，此方法被调用
         response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");  
        response.getWriter().print("你请求的页面已经被我拦截了，哈哈....");
    }

    public void destroy() {
        // 3.销毁过滤器后，自动调用此方法，从而释放资源
    }

}

3.配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5">
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file></welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  <servlet>
    <description></description>
    <display-name>MyServlet</display-name>
    <servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.Test.MyServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/MyServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <!-- 配置MyFilter -->
  <filter>
    <display-name>MyFilter</display-name>
    <filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.Test.MyFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
    <!-- 此处输入MyServlet的URL -->
    <url-pattern>/MyServlet</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

浏览器地址栏输入：http://localhost/Project/MyServlet 结果：

这里写图片描述

(三)Filter映射

1.使用通配符“*”拦截用户的所有请求

<filter>
    <display-name>MyFilter</display-name>
    <filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.Test.MyFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
    <!-- 拦截所有请求 -->
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

2.拦截不同方式的请求

在web.xml文件中，<filter-mapping>元素中的一个特殊子元素<dispatcher>,该元素指定过滤器拦截的资源被Servlet容器调用的方式。<dispatcher>元素的4值分别为：

1.REQUEST:如果目标资源通过RequestDispatcher的include()或forwrad()方法访问，过滤器是不会被调用。

2.INCLUDE:如果目标资源通过RequestDispatcher的include()方法访问，过滤器被调用。

3.FORWARD:如果目标资源通过RequestDispatcher的forward()方法访问,过滤器被调用。

4.ERROR:如果目标资源通过声明式异常处理机制调用的，那么该过滤器被调用。

实例演示：

1.IncludeServlet程序

package com.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class IncludeServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.使用include方法跳转页面
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8"); 
        request.getRequestDispatcher("Test01.jsp").include(request, response);
    }


    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        doGet(request, response);
    }

}

2.IncludeFilter程序实施拦截

package com.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class IncludeFilter implements Filter {

    public void destroy() {

    }

    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        //response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");  
         response.getWriter().print("IncludeServlet使用include()方法跳转的Test01.jsp，已经被我拦截，不要在请求，没用的啦");
    }

    public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

}

3.Test01.jsp页面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>include方法跳转后的页面</title>
</head>
<body>
    Hello World
</body>
</html>

4.配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5">
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file></welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  <servlet>
    <description></description>
    <display-name>IncludeServlet</display-name>
    <servlet-name>IncludeServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.Test.IncludeServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>IncludeServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/IncludeServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <filter>
    <display-name>IncludeFilter</display-name>
    <filter-name>IncludeFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.Test.IncludeFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>

    <filter-name>IncludeFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/Test01.jsp</url-pattern>
    <!--<dispatcher>元素必须放在最后，否则报错.必须值INCLUDE，否则过滤器无效  -->
    <dispatcher>INCLUDE</dispatcher>
  </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

输出结果：

这里写图片描述

凯耐

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Filter过滤器总结(一)

(一)什么是过滤器？有什么作用？ 1.说明：浏览器访问服务器目标资源时，过滤器实现拦截，如果过滤器判断的是合理请求，那么就允许访问目标资源。(二)使用MyFilter过滤器拦截MyServlet程序1.MyServlet程序package com.Test;import java.io.IOException;import javax.servlet.ServletException;im
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