python中init和new_Python_中__init__和__new__的异同

1：__new__:它是创建对象时调用，会返回当前对象的一个实例；

__init__:它是创建对象后调用，对当前对象的一些实例初始化，无返回值

代码示例：

>>> classData(object):def __init__(cls):

cls.x= 2

print "init"

returncls ###在init中不可用>>> data =Data()

init

Traceback (most recent call last):

File"", line 1, in data=Data()

TypeError:__init__() should return None, not 'Data'

>>> classData(object):def __new__(cls):

cls.x= 3

print "new"

returncls>>> data =Data()

new>>>data.x3

由上可见，__new__方法会返回所构造的对象，__init__则不会，__init__无返回值

2：再类中，若__new__和__init__同时存在时，先调用__new__

代码示例：

>>> classData(object):def __new__(self):print "new"

def __init__(self):print "init"

>>> data =Data()

new

3：If __new__() returns an instance of cls, then the new instance’s __init__() method will be invoked like __init__(self[, ...]), where self is the new instance and the remaining arguments are the same as were passed to __new__().

如果__new__返回一个对象的实例，会隐式调用__init__

If __new__() does not return an instance of cls, then the new instance’s __init__() method will not be invoked.

如果__new__不返回一个对象的实例，__init__不会被调用

代码示例：

>>> classA(object):def __new__(Class):

object= super(A,Class).__new__(Class)print "in new"

returnobject ##返回对象的实例def __init__(self):print "in init"

>>>A()innewininit<__main__.a object at>

>>> classB(object):def __new__(cls):print "in new"

returnclsdef __init__(self):print "in init"

>>> b=B()in new