此前开发的项目,是通过Nginx 做负载均衡;现在spring-boot项目集成了web 服务器,并且应用(微服务消费方)直接整合Ribbon,这样就可以不用通过代理服务器,可以选择性的进行负载均衡。下面介绍一个简单的实现负载的案例:
1、新建一个spring-boot项目,搭建Eureka (这里不做集群)注册中心
这是项目整体结构
这是pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.itmuch.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-discovery-eureka</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>microservice-discovery-eureka</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<!-- 引入spring boot的依赖 -->
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.4.3.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- eureka server端 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 引入spring cloud 依赖 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Camden.SR4</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
这是项目的配置文件application.xml
server.port=8761
spring.application.name=microservice-discovery-eureka
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
eureka.client.fetch-registry=false
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/
这是应用的启动类
package com.itmuch.cloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class MicroserviceDiscoveryEurekaApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceDiscoveryEurekaApplication.class, args);
}
}
项目搭建完成后,启动项目,在浏览器运行http://localhost:8761/ 查看注册中心是否正常
2、搭建两个微服务,作为服务提供方(除了启动类,其他的类可以不需要)
这是项目整体结构
配置文件application.xml,spring.application.name 作为虚拟主机名(做负载的多个服务提供方要一致)
server.port=7010
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=123456
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.datasource.filters=stat
spring.datasource.maxActive=20
spring.datasource.initialSize=1
spring.datasource.maxWait=60000
spring.datasource.minIdle=1
spring.datasource.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=60000
spring.datasource.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis=300000
spring.datasource.validationQuery=select 'x'
spring.datasource.testWhileIdle=true
spring.datasource.testOnBorrow=false
spring.datasource.testOnReturn=false
spring.datasource.poolPreparedStatements=true
spring.datasource.maxOpenPreparedStatements=20
#mybatis.typeAliasesPackage=zxy.demo.springboot.boot_feature.entity
mybatis.mapperLocations=classpath:com/itmuch/cloud/mapper/*.xml
spring.application.name=microservice-simple-provider-user
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true
项目依赖文件pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.itmuch.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-simple-provider-user</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>microservice-simple-provider-user</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.4.3.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql 连接驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据源 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-datatype-joda</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.module</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-module-parameter-names</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.47</version>
</dependency>
<!--整合 spring cloud 监控 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 引入spring cloud 依赖 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Camden.SR4</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
项目启动类,将该服务注册到Eureka,此处不需要@MapperScan
package com.itmuch.cloud;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
@SpringBootApplication
//@MapperScan({"com.itmuch.cloud.dao"})
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class MicroserviceSimpleProviderUserApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceSimpleProviderUserApplication.class, args);
}
}
启动项目,检查服务提供方是否注册到Eureka上。
如果服务提供方已经注册到Eureka上,则将此服务方项目复制一个,artifactId 改为microservice-provider-user,并且application.xml 中的server.port 改成7012 ,不能相同。
然后将复制的microservice-provider-user 启动,并观察检查该服务提供方是否同样注册到Eureka上。
3、搭建消费方,整合Ribbon,观察消费方的请求能否负载均衡到两台服务方。
项目整体结构
依赖文件pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.itmuch.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-consumer-movie-ribbon</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>microservice-consumer-movie-ribbon</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.4.3.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.47</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 引入spring cloud 依赖 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Camden.SR4</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
配置文件application.xml
server.port=7024
spring.application.name=microservice-consumer-movie-ribbon
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true
启动类
package com.itmuch.cloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class MicroserviceSimpleConsumerMovieApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceSimpleConsumerMovieApplication.class, args);
}
/**
* 相当于spring配置文件中的<bean/>
* 整合ribbon ,restTemplate具备负载均衡的能力
* @return
*/
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
接口访问的controller,指定负载到具有相同microservice-simple-provider-user 虚拟主机名的两个微服务上
package com.itmuch.cloud.controller;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
public class MovieController {
private static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MovieController.class);
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Autowired
private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;
@RequestMapping("user/{id}")
@ResponseBody
public String getUserInfo(@PathVariable Long id) {
// String url = "http://localhost:7010/find/" + id;
String url = "http://microservice-simple-provider-user/find/" + id;
String userInfo = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
return userInfo;
}
@GetMapping("log-instance")
public void logUserInstance() {
ServiceInstance serviceInstance = this.loadBalancerClient.choose("microservice-simple-provider-user");
// 打印当前请求选择的哪个节点
LOGGER.info("{}:{}:{}", serviceInstance.getServiceId(),
serviceInstance.getHost(),serviceInstance.getPort());
}
}
启动已经整合Ribbon的消费方,同样观察是否已经注册到Eureka上。
浏览器访问http://localhost:7024/log-instance ,测试负载均衡客户端每次会请求哪台微服务,这是我本机测试的结果
说明每次请求都负载到不同的服务上。
通过spring cloud 的Ribbon做负载均衡,可以不用Nginx做代理,配置简单,灵活控制。