大学计算机基础的英语,大学计算机基础双语教学复习资料（英文版）.doc

计算机复习资料最终定稿版

Ji suan ji fu xi zi liao zui zhong ding gao ban

1.key words of Definition for computer: instructions,input,processes ,output

A computer is an electronic device which operates under the control of stored instructions

accepts data input

processes the data according to specified rules

produces and stores output

1、A computer’s power is derived from Speed Reliability Accuracy Storage Communications

2、Data: The symbols that represent people, events, things, and ideas. Consists of the raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds.

3、Information ：Data becomes information when it is presented in a format that people can understand and use .

4．information processing cycle：.input, process, output, and storage

5．Computing Technology (R)Evolution four generations

Vacuum Tube (电子管)Age ，Transistor Age(晶体管) ，Integrated Circuit (集成电路)Age ，Large-scale Integration(大规模集成化) Age

6.分类：Supercomputers (巨型计算机) fastest, most powerful, most expensive

Mainframe computers(provide great processing speeds and data storage.

Minicomputers (

Microcomputers( personal computer or PCleast powerful, but the most widely used.

7. Information can be represented in one of two ways

Analog data(模拟) A continuous representation，analogous(相似) to the actual information

Digital data A discrete representation

8. 1 Byte=8 bits，B, KB, MB, GB, TB):

9. Binary(Base 2)Octal(8)Decimal(Base 10)

Hexadecimal(16)0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F

10.distinguish number system

(1) Subscript(下标) (101)2 (101) 8

(2)Postfix(后缀)101B 101O 101D 101H

11. Converting number

Non-Decimal to Decimal

Decimal to Non-Decimal

10—2 integer整数(1)短除法(2)从高位到低位逆用2—10思想

Fraction小数

Non-Decimal to Non-Decimal

2—8 (10 111 011.110 1)2 = (273.64)8

8—2 (6754.32)8 = (110 111 101 100. 011)2

16—2 (A7B8.C9)16=(1010 0111 1011 1000 .1100 1001)

？？12. Binary Arithmetic

12．original code –(2n–1–1) ~ (2n–1–1) Total number is2n–1 n=8 -127