c语言英文资料,C语言中英文翻译资料

C语言中英文翻译资料

The C Programming Language C is a high-level programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie and Brian Kernighan at Bell Labs in the mid-1970s. Although originally designed as a systems programming language, C has proved to be a powerful and flexible language that can be used for a variety of applications, from business programs to engineering. C is a particularly popular language for personal computer programmers because it is relatively small-it requires less memory than other languages. The first major program written in C was the UNIX operating system; and for many years, C was considered to be inextricably linked with UNIX. Now, however, C is am important language independent of UNIX. Although it is a high-level languages, C is much closer to assembly language than are most other high-level languages. This closeness to the underlying machine language allows C programmers to write very efficient code. The how-level nature of C, however, can make the language difficult to use for some types of applications. Now let’s take an overview of the C programming language, both historically and technically and technically. As a general-purpose programming language, C has been closely associated with UNIX system where it was developed, since both the system and most of the applications that run on it are written in C. The language , however, is not tied to any one operating system or machine; and although it has been called a “system programming language” because it is useful for writing compilers and operating systems, it has been used equally well to write major programs in various fields. Many of the important ideas stem from the language BCPL, developed by Martin Richards. The influence of BCPL on C proceeded indirectly through the language B, which was written by Ken Tompson in 1970 for the first UNIX system on the DEC-PDP-7. BCPL and B are “typeless” languages. By contrast, C provides a variety of data types. The fundamental types are characters, and integers and floating point numbers of several sizes. Additionally, there is a hierarchy of derived data types created with pointers, arrays, structures, and unions. Expressions are ed from operands; any expression, including an assignment or a function call, can be a statement. Pointers provide for machine-independent address arithmetic. C provides the fundamental control-flow constructions required for well-structured programs: statement grouping, decision making (if-else) , selecting one of a set of possible cases (switch), looping with the termination test at the top (while, for) or at the bottom (do), and early loop exit (break). Functions may return values of basic type, structures, unions, or pointers. Any function may be called recursively. Local variables are typically “automatic”, or created anew with each invocation. Function definitions may not be nested but variables may be declared in a block-structured fashion. The functions of a C program may exist in separate