学习Python有段时间了，关于测试的部分基本没咋学过，初学的时候看不懂，现在都2018年了，回头再来学习下，要不然一点不了解说不过去。
首先参考的是入门初级《Python编程从入门到实践》第11章，测试代码。
Python标准库中的模块unittest提供了代码测试工具。单元测试用于何时函数的某个方法没有问题;
测试用例是一组单元测试，这些单元测试一起核实函数在各种情况下的行为都符合要求。
良好的测试用例考虑到了函数可能收到的各种输入，包含针对目标情形的测试。
全覆盖测试用例包含一整套单元测试，涵盖了各种可能的函数使用方式。对于大型项目，要实现全覆盖很难。
通常，最初只要针对代码的重要行为编写测试既可，等项目被广泛使用时再考虑全覆盖。
首先编写一个测试函数
def get_formatted_name(first, last):
full_name = first + ' ' + last
return full_name.title()
然后编写一个测试该函数的类
import unittest
from name_function import get_formatted_name
# 编写一个测时类继承unittest.TestCase
class NamesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
# 定义一个测试的方法，方法名字要以test开头，这样在unittest.main()执行的时候会自动执行
def test_first_last_name(self):
# 调用被测试的函数，输入参数，并通过变量接收
formatted_name = get_formatted_name('janis', 'joplin')
# 通过assertEqual判断测试函数返回的，与实际正确的结果是否一致。
self.assertEqual(formatted_name, 'Janis Joplin')
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
执行该脚本
shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:Python从入门到实践 shijianzhong$ python3 test_name_function.py
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.000s
OK
一个点表示一个测试方法通过了，第二个是花费的时间，第三个参数为所有的测试方法都通过了。
故意搞错了试试。
def get_formatted_name(first, middle, last):
full_name = first + ' ' + middle + ' ' + last
return full_name.title()
把函数改成三个参数输入的。
运行测试的输出
shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:Python从入门到实践 shijianzhong$ python3 test_name_function.py
E
======================================================================
ERROR: test_first_last_name (__main__.NamesTestCase)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test_name_function.py", line 10, in test_first_last_name
formatted_name = get_formatted_name('janis', 'joplin')
TypeError: get_formatted_name() missing 1 required positional argument: 'last'
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.000s
FAILED (errors=1)
测试没通过，就要新办法去修改你的函数，让其通过
def get_formatted_name(first, last, middle=''):
if middle:
full_name = first + ' ' + middle + ' ' + last
else:
full_name = first + ' ' +last
return full_name.title()
改成这样就又可以通过了。
因为这个函数可以接收三个参数，所以原来的测试类上面添加一个测试的方法。
import unittest
from name_function import get_formatted_name
# 编写一个测时类继承unittest.TestCase
class NamesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
# 定义一个测试的方法，方法名字要以test开头，这样在unittest.main()执行的时候会自动执行
def test_first_last_name(self):
# 调用被测试的函数，输入参数，并通过变量接收
formatted_name = get_formatted_name('janis', 'joplin')
# 通过assertEqual判断测试函数返回的，与实际正确的结果是否一致。
self.assertEqual(formatted_name, 'Janis Joplin')
def test_first_last_middle_name(self):
formatted_name = get_formatted_name(
'wolfgang', 'mozart', 'amadeus'
)
self.assertEqual(formatted_name, 'Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart')
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
返回的结果
shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:Python从入门到实践 shijianzhong$ python3 test_name_function.py
..
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.000s
OK
作业不写了，基本跟书上的一模一样，只不过把名字改成了城市。
测试类。
各种断言方法
self.assertEqual(a,b) 核实 a == b
self.assertNotEqual(a, b) 核实 a != b
assertTrue(x) 核实x为True
assertFalse(x) 核实x为False
assertIn(item, list) 核实item在list中
assertNotIn(item, list) 核实item不在list中
看了一下，其实跟测试函数差不多。
先些测试准备被测试的类
class AnonymousSurvey:
def __init__(self, question):
self.question = question
self.responses = []
def show_question(self):
print(self.question)
def store_response(self, new_response):
self.responses.append(new_response)
def show_results(self):
print('Survey result:')
for response in self.responses:
print('- ' + response)
在写一个脚本使用这个类
from survey import AnonymousSurvey
question = "What language did you first learn to spaek?"
my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
my_survey.show_question()
print('Enter "q" at any time to quit.\n')
while True:
response = input("Language: ")
if response == 'q':
break
my_survey.store_response(response)
print('\nThank you to everyone who participated in the survey!')
my_survey.show_results()
运行脚本显示的情况
/usr/local/bin/python3.7 /Users/shijianzhong/study/测试/Python从入门到实践/language_survey.py
What language did you first learn to spaek?
Enter "q" at any time to quit.
Language: python
Language: java
Language: js
Language: q
Thank you to everyone who participated in the survey!
Survey result:
- python
- java
- js
编写测试 AnonymousSurvey的类，因为每添加一门语言，在实例的responses属性里面都会多一门，所以测试的时候用了AssertIn()
import unittest
from survey import AnonymousSurvey
# 创建测试类
class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):
# 首先针对只输入了一门语言的情况
def test_store_single_response(self):
question = "What language did you first learn to spaek?"
my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
# 保存一门语言
my_survey.store_response('English')
# 准备测试，这么语言是否在对象的responses属性里面
self.assertIn('English', my_survey.responses)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:Python从入门到实践 shijianzhong$ python3 test_survey.py
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.000s
OK
后面写测试三个答案时候，是否也能妥善保管
import unittest
from survey import AnonymousSurvey
# 创建测试类
class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):
# 首先针对只输入了一门语言的情况
def test_store_single_response(self):
question = "What language did you first learn to spaek?"
my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
# 保存一门语言
my_survey.store_response('English')
# 准备测试，这么语言是否在对象的responses属性里面
self.assertIn('English', my_survey.responses)
def test_store_three_responses(self):
question = "What language did you first learn to spaek?"
my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
# 答案列表
responses = ['English', 'Spanish', 'Mandarin']
for response in responses:
# 把答案先存起来
my_survey.store_response(response)
for response in responses:
# 测试所有的答案到底在不在实例的responses里面
self.assertIn(response, my_survey.responses)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:Python从入门到实践 shijianzhong$ python3 test_survey.py
..
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.000s
OK
方法setUp()
前面的测试，每次测试都要在测试方法中实例化对象，很蛮烦，所以有了setUp方法，就好比普通类里面的__init__，在每次执行的时候，该方法内的逻辑会先执行。
import unittest
from survey import AnonymousSurvey
# 创建测试类
class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self) -> None:
question = "What language did you first learn to spaek?"
# 对象变成实例属性，后面大家可以用
self.survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)
# 答案列表
self.responses = ['English', 'Spanish', 'Mandarin']
# 首先针对只输入了一门语言的情况
def test_store_single_response(self):
# 从答案列表拿一个元素出来，进行存储操作
self.survey.store_response(self.responses[0])
# 准备测试，这么语言是否在对象的responses属性里面
self.assertIn(self.responses[0], self.survey.responses)
def test_store_three_responses(self):
for response in self.responses:
# 把答案先存起来
self.survey.store_response(response)
for response in self.responses:
# 测试所有的答案到底在不在实例的responses里面
self.assertIn(response, self.survey.responses)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
运行结果是一样的。这本书中的学习结束，作业不做了，这个书中的作业太简单了。
从另外一本书上看到，说写函数或者方法之前应该先写测试，这个感觉。。。。。。好苛刻啊。。。。。。
以前写过unittest，嗨，一段时间没用忘记了，重新记录一下，新添加一些内容，以后自己写的类或者函数可以测试下。
import unittest
class SimplisticTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test(self):
a = 'a'
b = 'a'
self.assertEqual(a, b)
这个一个简单的单元测试，可以在终端运行python -m unittest 文件名运行
测试的结果一般有三种
1、通过
2、没有通过，产生了AssertionError的异常
3、产生了AssertionError以外的异常
代码
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import unittest
class OutcomesTest(unittest.TestCase):
def testPass(self):
return
def testFail(self):
self.assertFalse(True)
def testError(self):
raise RuntimeError('Test error!')
输出
(base) shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:unittest_study shijianzhong$ python -m unittest unittest_outcomes.py
EF.
======================================================================
ERROR: testError (unittest_outcomes.OutcomesTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/shijianzhong/work_space/new_platfrom/platform/smt/test_directory/unittest_study/unittest_outcomes.py", line 15, in testError
raise RuntimeError('Test error!')
RuntimeError: Test error!
======================================================================
FAIL: testFail (unittest_outcomes.OutcomesTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/shijianzhong/work_space/new_platfrom/platform/smt/test_directory/unittest_study/unittest_outcomes.py", line 12, in testFail
self.assertFalse(True)
AssertionError: True is not false
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.000s
FAILED (failures=1, errors=1)
可以添加一些测试失败的信息输出(代码)
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import unittest
class FailureMessageTest(unittest.TestCase):
def testFail(self):
self.assertFalse(True, 'failure message goes here')
输出
(base) shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:unittest_study shijianzhong$ python3 -m unittest unittest_failwithmessage.py
F
======================================================================
FAIL: testFail (unittest_failwithmessage.FailureMessageTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/shijianzhong/work_space/new_platfrom/platform/smt/test_directory/unittest_study/unittest_failwithmessage.py", line 9, in testFail
self.assertFalse(True, 'failure message goes here')
AssertionError: True is not false : failure message goes here
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.000s
断言真假(代码)
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import unittest
class TruthTest(unittest.TestCase):
def testAssertTure(self):
# 返回一个通过
self.assertTrue(True)
def testAssertFalse(self):
# 返回一个不通过
self.assertFalse(False,'This is False')
输出
Try `python -h' for more information.
(base) shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:unittest_study shijianzhong$ python -m unittest unittest_truth.py
..
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.000s
OK
测试相等性
import unittest
class EqualityTest(unittest.TestCase):
def testExpectEqual(self):
self.assertEqual(1, 3 - 2)
def testExpectEqualFails(self):
self.assertEqual(2, 3 - 2, msg='Equal fail')
def testExpectNotEqual(self):
self.assertNotEqual(2, 3 - 2)
def testExpectNotEqualFails(self):
self.assertNotEqual(1, 3 - 2)
输出:
(base) shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:unittest_study shijianzhong$ python -m unittest unittest_equality.py
.F.F
======================================================================
FAIL: testExpectEqualFails (unittest_equality.EqualityTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/shijianzhong/work_space/new_platfrom/platform/smt/test_directory/unittest_study/unittest_equality.py", line 13, in testExpectEqualFails
self.assertEqual(2, 3 - 2, msg='Equal fail')
AssertionError: 2 != 1 : Equal fail
======================================================================
FAIL: testExpectNotEqualFails (unittest_equality.EqualityTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/shijianzhong/work_space/new_platfrom/platform/smt/test_directory/unittest_study/unittest_equality.py", line 19, in testExpectNotEqualFails
self.assertNotEqual(1, 3 - 2)
AssertionError: 1 == 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 4 tests in 0.000s
FAILED (failures=2)
几乎相等(用在浮点数的操作)
import unittest
class AlmostEqualTest(unittest.TestCase):
def testEqual(self):
self.assertEqual(1.1, 3.3 - 2.2)
def testAlmostEqual(self):
self.assertAlmostEqual(1.1, 3.3 - 2.2, places=1)
def testNotAlmostEqual(self):
self.assertNotAlmostEqual(1.1, 3.3 - 2.0, places=1)
输出
(base) shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:unittest_study shijianzhong$ python3 -m unittest unittest_almostequal.py
.F.
======================================================================
FAIL: testEqual (unittest_almostequal.AlmostEqualTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/shijianzhong/work_space/new_platfrom/platform/smt/test_directory/unittest_study/unittest_almostequal.py", line 10, in testEqual
self.assertEqual(1.1, 3.3 - 2.2)
AssertionError: 1.1 != 1.0999999999999996
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.000s
FAILED (failures=1)
容器
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import textwrap
import unittest
class ContainerEqualityTest(unittest.TestCase):
def testCount(self):
# 测试两个对象元素的个数是否相等，元素的各个数量是否相等
self.assertCountEqual(
[1, 2, 3, 2],
[1, 3, 2, 3]
)
# 测试字典是否相等
def testDict(self):
self.assertDictEqual(
{'a': 1, 'b': 2},
{'a': 1, 'b': 3}
)
# 测试列表是否相等
def testList(self):
self.assertListEqual(
[1, 2, 3],
[1, 3, 2]
)
# 测试多行字符串是否相等
def testMultiLineString(self):
# textwrap.dedent去除字符串的前后空格
self.assertMultiLineEqual(
textwrap.dedent('''
This string
has more than one
line.
'''),
textwrap.dedent('''
This string has
more than two
lines.
''')
)
# 测试两个序列是否相等,元祖可以与列表测试
def testSequence(self):
self.assertSequenceEqual(
[1, 2, 3],
[1, 3, 2]
)
def testSet(self):
self.assertSetEqual(
set([1, 2, 3]),
set([1, 3, 2, 4])
)
def testTuple(self):
self.assertTupleEqual(
(1, 'a'),
(1, 'b')
)
输出
(base) shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:unittest_study shijianzhong$ python -m unittest unittest_equality_container.py
FFFFFFF
======================================================================
FAIL: testCount (unittest_equality_container.ContainerEqualityTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/shijianzhong/work_space/new_platfrom/platform/smt/test_directory/unittest_study/unittest_equality_container.py", line 12, in testCount
self.assertCountEqual(
AssertionError: Element counts were not equal:
First has 2, Second has 1: 2
First has 1, Second has 2: 3
======================================================================
FAIL: testDict (unittest_equality_container.ContainerEqualityTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/shijianzhong/work_space/new_platfrom/platform/smt/test_directory/unittest_study/unittest_equality_container.py", line 19, in testDict
self.assertDictEqual(
AssertionError: {'a': 1, 'b': 2} != {'a': 1, 'b': 3}
- {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
? ^
+ {'a': 1, 'b': 3}
? ^
======================================================================
FAIL: testList (unittest_equality_container.ContainerEqualityTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/shijianzhong/work_space/new_platfrom/platform/smt/test_directory/unittest_study/unittest_equality_container.py", line 26, in testList
self.assertListEqual(
AssertionError: Lists differ: [1, 2, 3] != [1, 3, 2]
First differing element 1:
2
3
- [1, 2, 3]
+ [1, 3, 2]
======================================================================
FAIL: testMultiLineString (unittest_equality_container.ContainerEqualityTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/shijianzhong/work_space/new_platfrom/platform/smt/test_directory/unittest_study/unittest_equality_container.py", line 34, in testMultiLineString
self.assertMultiLineEqual(
AssertionError: '\nThis string\nhas more than one\nline.\n' != '\nThis string has\nmore than two \nlines.\n'
- This string
+ This string has
? ++++
- has more than one
+ more than two
- line.
+ lines.
? +
======================================================================
FAIL: testSequence (unittest_equality_container.ContainerEqualityTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/shijianzhong/work_space/new_platfrom/platform/smt/test_directory/unittest_study/unittest_equality_container.py", line 49, in testSequence
self.assertSequenceEqual(
AssertionError: Sequences differ: [1, 2, 3] != [1, 3, 2]
First differing element 1:
2
3
- [1, 2, 3]
+ [1, 3, 2]
======================================================================
FAIL: testSet (unittest_equality_container.ContainerEqualityTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/shijianzhong/work_space/new_platfrom/platform/smt/test_directory/unittest_study/unittest_equality_container.py", line 55, in testSet
self.assertSetEqual(
AssertionError: Items in the second set but not the first:
4
======================================================================
FAIL: testTuple (unittest_equality_container.ContainerEqualityTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/shijianzhong/work_space/new_platfrom/platform/smt/test_directory/unittest_study/unittest_equality_container.py", line 61, in testTuple
self.assertTupleEqual(
AssertionError: Tuples differ: (1, 'a') != (1, 'b')
First differing element 1:
'a'
'b'
- (1, 'a')
? ^
+ (1, 'b')
? ^
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 7 tests in 0.002s
FAILED (failures=7)
使用assertIn()来测试容器的成员关系。代码
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import unittest
class ContaineMembershipTest(unittest.TestCase):
def testDict(self):
self.assertIn(4, {1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'c'})
def testList(self):
self.assertIn(4, [1, 2, 3])
def testSet(self):
self.assertIn(4, {1, 2, 3})
输出
(base) shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:unittest_study shijianzhong$ python -m unittest unittest_in
FFF
======================================================================
FAIL: testDict (unittest_in.ContaineMembershipTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/shijianzhong/work_space/new_platfrom/platform/smt/test_directory/unittest_study/unittest_in.py", line 10, in testDict
self.assertIn(4, {1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'c'})
AssertionError: 4 not found in {1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'c'}
======================================================================
FAIL: testList (unittest_in.ContaineMembershipTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/shijianzhong/work_space/new_platfrom/platform/smt/test_directory/unittest_study/unittest_in.py", line 13, in testList
self.assertIn(4, [1, 2, 3])
AssertionError: 4 not found in [1, 2, 3]
======================================================================
FAIL: testSet (unittest_in.ContaineMembershipTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/shijianzhong/work_space/new_platfrom/platform/smt/test_directory/unittest_study/unittest_in.py", line 16, in testSet
self.assertIn(4, {1, 2, 3})
AssertionError: 4 not found in {1, 2, 3}
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.001s
FAILED (failures=3)
测试上浮错误的函数，用方法assertRaises
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import unittest
def raise_error(*args, **kwargs):
raise ValueError('Invalid value: ' + str(args) + str(kwargs))
class ExceptionTest(unittest.TestCase):
# 普通的逻辑测试
def testTrapLocally(self):
try:
raise_error('a', b='c')
except ValueError:
...
else:
self.fail('Did not see valueError')
# 内置的assertRaises测试
def testAssertRaises(self):
self.assertRaises(
ValueError,
raise_error,
'a',
b='c',
)
输出
(base) shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:unittest_study shijianzhong$ python -m unittest unittest_exception.py
..
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.000s
OK
测试固件，在测试种添加额外的模块，类或者实例的属性
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import random
import unittest
# 第一个进
def setUpModule():
print('In setUpModule()')
# 最后一个出
def tearDownModule():
print('In teatDownModule()')
class FixturesTest(unittest.TestCase):
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls) -> None:
print('In setUpClass()')
cls.good_range = range(10)
@classmethod
def tearDownClass(cls) -> None:
print('In tearDownClass()')
del cls.good_range
# 每个测试都会启动，测试之前
def setUp(self) -> None:
super(FixturesTest, self).setUp()
print('\nIn setUp()')
self.vales = random.randint(self.good_range.start, self.good_range.stop-1)
# 每个测试都会启动，测试之后
def tearDown(self) -> None:
print('In tearDown()')
del self.vales
super(FixturesTest, self).tearDown()
def test1(self):
print('In test1()')
self.assertIn(self.vales, self.good_range)
def test2(self):
print('In test2()')
self.assertIn(self.vales, self.good_range)
输出
(base) shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:unittest_study shijianzhong$ python -m unittest unittest_fixtures.py
In setUpModule()
In setUpClass()
In setUp()
In test1()
In tearDown()
.
In setUp()
In test2()
In tearDown()
.In tearDownClass()
In teatDownModule()
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.000s
OK
如果清理固件的过程种出现错误，那么tearDown方法可能不会被调用，为了确保总能正确的释放固件，要使用addCleanup()方法
代码
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import random
import shutil
import tempfile
import unittest
def remove_tmpdir(dirname):
print(f'In remove_tmpdir() path:{dirname}')
shutil.rmtree(dirname)
class FixturesTest(unittest.TestCase):
# 每次测试都会调用
def setUp(self) -> None:
super(FixturesTest, self).setUp()
self.tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
self.addCleanup(remove_tmpdir, self.tmpdir)
def test1(self):
print('\nIn test1()')
def test2(self):
print('\nIn test2()')
输出
(base) shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:unittest_study shijianzhong$ python -m unittest -v unittest_addcleanup.py
test1 (unittest_addcleanup.FixturesTest) ...
In test1()
In remove_tmpdir() path:/var/folders/m3/98pgmzbn44vg8btxff80mrm80000gn/T/tmpndg93pqi
ok
test2 (unittest_addcleanup.FixturesTest) ...
In test2()
In remove_tmpdir() path:/var/folders/m3/98pgmzbn44vg8btxff80mrm80000gn/T/tmp2g2mk_6e
ok
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.001s
OK
(base) shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:unittest_study shijianzhong$
用不同输入重复测试
import unittest
class SubTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_combined(self):
self.assertRegex('abc', 'a')
self.assertRegex('abc', 'B')
# 下面的不会执行
self.assertRegex('abc', 'c')
self.assertRegex('abc', 'd')
# 通过with self.subTest创建上下文空间
def test_with_subtest(self):
for pat in ['a', 'B', 'c', 'd']:
with self.subTest(pattern=pat):
self.assertRegex('abc', pat)
输出
(base) shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:unittest_study shijianzhong$ python -m unittest -v unittest_subtest.py
test_combined (unittest_subtest.SubTest) ... FAIL
test_with_subtest (unittest_subtest.SubTest) ...
======================================================================
FAIL: test_combined (unittest_subtest.SubTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/shijianzhong/work_space/new_platfrom/platform/smt/test_directory/unittest_study/unittest_subtest.py", line 10, in test_combined
self.assertRegex('abc', 'B')
AssertionError: Regex didn't match: 'B' not found in 'abc'
======================================================================
FAIL: test_with_subtest (unittest_subtest.SubTest) (pattern='B')
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/shijianzhong/work_space/new_platfrom/platform/smt/test_directory/unittest_study/unittest_subtest.py", line 19, in test_with_subtest
self.assertRegex('abc', pat)
AssertionError: Regex didn't match: 'B' not found in 'abc'
======================================================================
FAIL: test_with_subtest (unittest_subtest.SubTest) (pattern='d')
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/shijianzhong/work_space/new_platfrom/platform/smt/test_directory/unittest_study/unittest_subtest.py", line 19, in test_with_subtest
self.assertRegex('abc', pat)
AssertionError: Regex didn't match: 'd' not found in 'abc'
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.001s
FAILED (failures=3)
(base) shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:unittest_study shijianzhong$
跳过测试
在一些特定的环境下，跳过一些测试，用了Python的装饰器
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import sys
import unittest
class SkippingTest(unittest.TestCase):
# 一直跳过
@unittest.skip('always skipped')
def test(self):
self.assertTrue(False)
@unittest.skipIf(sys.version_info[0] > 2,
'only runs on python2')
def test_python2_only(self):
self.assertTrue(False)
# 除非条件成立取执行装饰器下面的
@unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == 'Darwin',
'only runs on macOS')
def test_macos_only(self):
self.assertTrue(False)
def test_raise_skiptest(self):
# 直接跳过
raise unittest.SkipTest('skipping via exception')
输出
(base) shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:unittest_study shijianzhong$ python -m unittest -v unittest_skip.py
test (unittest_skip.SkippingTest) ... skipped 'always skipped'
test_macos_only (unittest_skip.SkippingTest) ... skipped 'only runs on macOS'
test_python2_only (unittest_skip.SkippingTest) ... skipped 'only runs on python2'
test_raise_skiptest (unittest_skip.SkippingTest) ... skipped 'skipping via exception'
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 4 tests in 0.000s
OK (skipped=4)
(base) shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:unittest_study shijianzhong$
忽略失败的测试，用装饰器@unittest.expectedFailure
代码
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import unittest
class Test(unittest.TestCase):
@unittest.expectedFailure
def test_never_passed(self):
self.assertTrue(False)
@unittest.expectedFailure
def test_always_passed(self):
self.assertTrue(True)
def test3(self):
self.assertTrue(True)
def test4(self):
self.assertFalse(True)
输出
(base) shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:unittest_study shijianzhong$ python -m unittest -v unittest_expectedfailure.py
test3 (unittest_expectedfailure.Test) ... ok
test4 (unittest_expectedfailure.Test) ... FAIL
test_always_passed (unittest_expectedfailure.Test) ... unexpected success
test_never_passed (unittest_expectedfailure.Test) ... expected failure
======================================================================
FAIL: test4 (unittest_expectedfailure.Test)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/shijianzhong/work_space/new_platfrom/platform/smt/test_directory/unittest_study/unittest_expectedfailure.py", line 20, in test4
self.assertFalse(True)
AssertionError: True is not false
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 4 tests in 0.000s
FAILED (failures=1, expected failures=1, unexpected successes=1)
(base) shijianzhongdeMacBook-Pro:unittest_study shijianzhong$
结束
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