C++学习笔记

static关键字

using namespace std;

class Dog
{
public:
    static int Dogs;
    int num;
    static int GetDOg()//**静态成员函数只能访问静态成员变量**
    {
        cout << Dogs << endl;
        return Dogs;
    }
    void setDog(int Dogs)
    {
        this->Dogs = Dogs; 
    }

private:

};

int Dog::Dogs = 0;//this is very import必须赋值，build不报错，但是新建一个对象会报错

void main()
{
    Dog d1, d2;
    d1.GetDOg();
    d1.setDog(20);
    d1.GetDOg();
    d2.GetDOg();
    system("pause");
}

运算符重载

1.用成员函数和友元函数实现（一般<<和>>用友元，其他的最好用成员函数）

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Complex
{
public:
    Complex(int a, int b)
    {
        this->a = a;
        this->b = b;
    }
    Complex operator+(Complex &c2)//成员函数实现
    {
        Complex tmp(a+c2.a,b+c2.b);
        return tmp;
    }
    void get()
    {
        cout << a << "+" << b << "i" << endl;
    }
    friend Complex operator-(Complex &c2, Complex &c1);//友元函数实现
private:
    int a;
    int b;
};

Complex operator-(Complex &c2, Complex &c1)
{
    Complex tmp(c2.a-c1.a,c2.b-c1.b);
    return tmp;
}

void main()
{
    Complex c1(1,2), c2(3,4);
    Complex c3 = c1 + c2;
    c3.get();
    Complex c4 = c2 - c1;
    c4.get();
    system("pause");

}

2.“++”的前置运算符和后置运算符重载（难点）

#include<iostream>
#include<math.h>
using namespace std;

class Complex
{
public:
    int a;
    int b;
public:
    Complex(int a,int b)
    {
        this->a = a;
        this->b = b;
    }
    void get()
    {
        cout << "a:" << a << " " << "b:" << b << endl;
    }
    Complex operator++()//c1++
    {
        a++;
        b++;
        return *this;
    }
    friend Complex operator++(Complex &c, int);
};

Complex operator++(Complex &c, int)
{
    Complex tmp=c;
    ++c.a;
    ++c.b;
    return tmp;

}

void main()
{
    Complex c1(1, 1), c2(2, 3);
    c1.get();
    Complex c3 = c1++;
    c1.get();
    c3.get();
    Complex c4 = ++c2;
    c2.get();
    c4.get();
    //a++ 先参与运算，再自增
    //++a先自增，再参与运算
    system("pause");


}
/*
a : 1 b : 1
a : 2 b : 2
a : 1 b : 1
a : 3 b : 4
a : 3 b : 4
*/

3.矩阵乘法

Matrix operator*(Matrix x, Matrix y)
{
    if (x.col != y.row){ cerr << "m1 cannot * with m2" << endl; }
    Matrix tmp(x.row,y.col);
    for (int i = 0; i < x.row; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < x.col; j++)
        {
            tmp.matrix[i][j] = 0;
            for (int k = 0; k < x.col;k++)
            {
                tmp.matrix[i][j] = x.matrix[i][k] * y.matrix[k][j] + tmp.matrix[i][j];
            }
            cout << "tmp.matrix[" << i << "][" << j << "]" << "=" << tmp.matrix[i][j] << endl;
        }
    }
    return tmp;
}

4.虚函数的应用场景

#include<iostream>
#include<math.h>
using namespace std;
class Form
{
public:
    virtual void form() = 0;//有纯虚函数，不能创建对象
    virtual double area(){ return 0; }
    virtual double volum(){ return 0; }
};
class Point :public Form
{
public:
    Point(int x,int y)
    {
        this->x = x;
        this->y = y;
    }
    virtual void form(){cout<<"Point"<<endl;}
    virtual double area(){ cout << 0 << endl; return 0; }
    virtual double volum(){ cout << 0 << endl; return 0; }
protected:
    int x;
    int y;
};

class Circle :public Point
{
public:
    Circle(int x, int y, int r) :Point(x, y)
    {
        this->r = r;
    }
    virtual void form(){ cout << "Circle" << endl; }
    virtual double area(){ cout << 3.14*r*r << endl; return 3.14*r*r; }
    virtual double volum(){ cout << 0 << endl; return 0; }
protected:
    double r;
};

class Cylinder :public Circle
{
public:
    Cylinder(int x, int y, int r, int h) :Circle(x, y, r)
    {
        this->h = h;
    }
    virtual void form(){ cout << "Cylinder" << endl; }
    virtual double area(){ cout << 3.14*r*r * 2 + 2 * 3.14*r*h << endl; return 3.14*r*r * 2 + 2 * 3.14*r*h; }
    virtual double volum(){ cout << 3.14*r*r*h << endl; return  3.14*r*r*h; }
private:
    double h;
};

void main()
{
    Form *p;
    Point p1(1, 2);
    Circle c1(1,2,1);
    Cylinder c(1, 1, 1, 2);
    p = &p1;
    p->form();
    p->area();
    p->volum();
    p = &c1;
    p->form();
    p->area();
    p->volum();
    p = &c;
    p->form();
    p->area();
    p->volum();


    system("pause");


}