随笔记录——python中的日期和时间数据处理

一、标准库中的日期和时间处理

1、使用datetime包计算时间

1.1 使用datetime包获取当前时间

from datetime import datetime

now = datetime.now()

now
Out[3]: datetime.datetime(2022, 3, 4, 17, 16, 55, 703231)

now.year, now.month, now.day
Out[4]: (2022, 3, 4)

1.2、计算两个datetime的时间差

delta = datetime(2021, 1, 7) - datetime(2020, 6, 24, 8 ,15)

delta.days
Out[7]: 196
delta.seconds
Out[20]: 56700

1.3、对datetime进行加减一段时间， (注：timedelta不能指定月进行加减)

from datetime import timedelta

start = datetime(2020, 2, 7)

start + timedelta(12)
Out[12]: datetime.datetime(2020, 2, 19, 0, 0)

start + timedelta(20)
Out[13]: datetime.datetime(2020, 2, 27, 0, 0)

start + timedelta(months=20)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/var/folders/py/ln390kjs3154ds7_qfhn0j140000gn/T/ipykernel_37238/3234709628.py", line 1, in <module>
    start + timedelta(months=20)
TypeError: 'months' is an invalid keyword argument for __new__()

1.4、使用 dateutil 对月进行加减

from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta

start
Out[25]: datetime.datetime(2020, 2, 7, 0, 0)

start + relativedelta(months=20)
Out[24]: datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 7, 0, 0)

1.5、 datetime模块中的类型

1.5、字符串与datetime转换

stamp = datetime(2011, 1, 3)

str(stamp)
Out[17]: '2011-01-03 00:00:00'

stamp.strftime('%Y%m%d')
Out[18]: '20110103'

stamp.strftime('%y%m%d')
Out[19]: '110103'

datestrs = ['6/6/2016', '8/6/2021']

[datetime.strptime(x, '%m/%d/%Y') for x in datestrs]
Out[29]: [datetime.datetime(2016, 6, 6, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2021, 8, 6, 0, 0)]

1.6、datetime格式说明

待续。。。