《设计模式》2.简单工厂模式（创建型）

此处以车辆（Vehicle）为例，有三种车：小轿车（Car）、公交车（Bus）、出租车（Taxi）。

public interface Vehicle {
    /**
     * 介绍说明
     */
    void specification();
}

public class Car implements Vehicle {
    @Override
    public void specification() {
        System.out.println("This is a Car.");
    }
}

public class Bus implements Vehicle {
    @Override
    public void specification() {
        System.out.println("This is a Bus.");
    }
}

public class Taxi implements Vehicle {
    @Override
    public void specification() {
        System.out.println("This is a Taxi.");
    }
}

public enum VehicleType {
    CAR,
    BUS,
    TAXI;
}

静态工厂模式通过静态方法访问，根据调用传入的参数选择不同的类型实例化返回。
随着车辆类型的增加/删除都需要改动工厂类，违反了开放-封闭原则。

public class VehicleFactory {
    public static <T extends Vehicle> T create(VehicleType vehicleType) {
        switch (vehicleType) {
            case CAR:
                return (T) new Car();
            case BUS:
                return (T) new Bus();
            case TAXI:
                return (T) new Taxi();
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("vehicle type is illegal: " + vehicleType);
        }
    }
}

public class VehicleCreator {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Car car = VehicleFactory.create(VehicleType.CAR);
        car.specification();
        
        Bus bus = VehicleFactory.create(VehicleType.BUS);
        bus.specification();
        
        Taxi taxi = VehicleFactory.create(VehicleType.TAXI);
        taxi.specification();
    }
}

输出：

This is a Car.
This is a Bus.
This is a Taxi.