《设计模式》11.享元模式(结构型)

运用共享技术来有効地支持大量细粒度对象的复用。享元对象的两个状态:内部状态和外部状态。

角色

抽象享元(Flyweight):接口或抽象类,定义可共享的内部状态和公共接口,不可共享的外部状态(非享元)作为接口参数的方式传入
具体享元(Concrete Flyweight):实现抽象享元角色中所规定的接口
非享元(Unsharable Flyweight):不可以共享的外部状态,以参数的形式传入享元的接口
享元工厂(Flyweight Factory):负责创建和管理享元角色。先检查缓存中是否存在符合要求的享元对象,如果存在直接返回,不存在创建新的享元对象

抽象享元 Flyweight

抽象方法,定义可共享的内部状态,公共接口

public abstract class Flyweight {
    protected String innerStatus;
    public Flyweight(String innerStatus) {
        this.innerStatus = innerStatus;
    }

    abstract void operation(UnsharedConcreteFlyweight outerStatus);
}

具体享元 Concrete Flyweight

继承享元基类,实现公共接口

public class ConcreteFlyweight extends Flyweight {
    public ConcreteFlyweight(String innerStatus) {
        super(innerStatus);
    }

    @Override
    public void operation(UnsharableConcreteFlyweight outerStatus) {
        System.out.print(", inner status: " + innerStatus);
        System.out.println(", outer status: " + outerStatus);
    }
}

非享元 Unsharable Flyweight

定义不可共享的外部状态

public class UnsharableConcreteFlyweight {
    private String info;
    public UnsharedConcreteFlyweight(String info) {
        this.info = info;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return info;
    }
}

享元工厂 FlyweightFactory

import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

public class FlyweightFactory {
    private static final ConcurrentMap<String, Flyweight> flyweights = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

    public Flyweight getFlyweight(String innerStatus) {
        if (flyweights.containsKey(innerStatus)) {
            System.out.print(String.format("\tGet exist Flyweight: %s", innerStatus));
            return flyweights.get(innerStatus);
        }

        Flyweight flyweight = new ConcreteFlyweight(innerStatus);
        flyweights.put(innerStatus, flyweight);
        System.out.print(String.format("Create new Flyweight: %s", innerStatus));
        return flyweight;
    }
}

测试类

public class FlyweightTester {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        FlyweightFactory factory = new FlyweightFactory();
        Random random = new Random();
        String innerStatus;
        UnsharableConcreteFlyweight outerStatus = null;
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            innerStatus = String.format("%5d", random.nextInt(2));
            String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "");
            outerStatus = new UnsharableConcreteFlyweight(uuid);
            factory.getFlyweight(innerStatus).operation(outerStatus);
        }
    }
}
Create new Flyweight:     1, inner status:     1, outer status: c057fe41093247f8bf92344fd5a25194
Create new Flyweight:     0, inner status:     0, outer status: cfbf38fedbe948d782a6b7efd32e2767
	Get exist Flyweight:     1, inner status:     1, outer status: b40861ba38ea4272832e25c458ec4c9a
	Get exist Flyweight:     1, inner status:     1, outer status: 4f03baf03cab4e219be84793d7500c1c
	Get exist Flyweight:     0, inner status:     0, outer status: 2f769afc0290441a93af812e58d2b236

举例1:围棋

围棋分为黑子和白子,颜色仅两种,可共享作为内部状态,在棋盘的位置属于外部状态不可共享,在下棋时确认

public abstract class Chess {
    abstract void drop(Coordinate coordinate);
}
public class ChessPiece extends Chess {
    private Color color;
    public ChessPiece(Color color) {
        this.color = color;
    }

    public void drop(Coordinate coordinate) {
        System.out.println(String.format("%s落在:%s", color.type(), coordinate.position()));
    }

    public enum Color {
        White("白子"),
        Black("黑子");
        private String type;
        Color(String type) {
            this.type = type;
        }

        public String type() {
            return type;
        }
    }
}
public class Coordinate {
    private int x;
    private int y;
    public Coordinate(int x, int y) {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }

    public String position() {
        return String.format("%2d, %2d", x, y);
    }
}
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

public class ChessPieceFactory {
    public static final ConcurrentMap<ChessPiece.Color, ChessPiece> chessPieceCaches = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(2);
    public static ChessPiece getChessPiece(ChessPiece.Color color) {
        if (chessPieceCaches.containsKey(color)) {
            return chessPieceCaches.get(color);
        }

        ChessPiece chessPiece = new ChessPiece(color);
        chessPieceCaches.put(color, chessPiece);
        return chessPiece;
    }
}
public class ChessPieceTester {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        ChessPiece whiteChessPiece = ChessPieceFactory.getChessPiece(ChessPiece.Color.White);
        whiteChessPiece.drop(new Coordinate(1, 1));

        ChessPiece blackChessPiece = ChessPieceFactory.getChessPiece(ChessPiece.Color.Black);
        blackChessPiece.drop(new Coordinate(1, 2));
    }
}
白子落在: 1,  1
黑子落在: 1,  2

举例2:麻将

四川麻将共108张,分为筒、条、万三种牌型,包含 1-9 数字,同一花色有4张,类型和数字可作为内部状态,而打牌的人属于外部状态

public class Mahjong implements Comparable<Mahjong> {
    private Type type;
    private Number number;

    public Mahjong(Type type, Number number) {
        this.type = type;
        this.number = number;
    }

    public void play(String name) {
        System.out.println(String.format("%s play %s %s", name, number, type));
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type.getDesc();
    }

    public String getNumber() {
        return number.getDesc();
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return String.format("%s%s", number.getDesc(), type.getDesc());
    }

    @Override
    public int compareTo(Mahjong another) {
        if (this.type.equals(another.type) && this.number.equals(another.number))
            return 0;
        if (this.type.compareTo(another.type) != 0) {
            return this.type.compareTo(another.type);
        }
        return this.number.compareTo(another.number);
    }

    public enum Type {
        TONG("筒"),
        TIAO("条"),
        WAN("万");

        private String desc;
        Type(String desc) {
            this.desc = desc;
        }

        public String getDesc() {
            return desc;
        }
    }

    public enum Number {
        ONE("一"),
        TWO("二"),
        THREE("三"),
        FOUR("四"),
        FIVE("五"),
        SIX("六"),
        SEVEN("七"),
        EIGHT("八"),
        NINE("九");

        private String desc;
        Number(String desc) {
            this.desc = desc;
        }

        public String getDesc() {
            return desc;
        }
    }
}
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

public class MahjongFactory {
    private static final ConcurrentMap<String, Mahjong> mahjongCaches = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(27);
    public static Mahjong getMahjong(Mahjong.Type type, Mahjong.Number number) {
        String key = type.name() + "#" +  number.name();
        if (mahjongCaches.containsKey(key)) {
            return mahjongCaches.get(key);
        }

        Mahjong newInstance = new Mahjong(type, number);
        mahjongCaches.put(key, newInstance);
        return newInstance;
    }
}
import java.util.*;

public class Player {
    private static final Random random = new Random((int) (Math.random() * 10));
    private String name;
    private List<Mahjong> mahjongs;
    public Player(String name) {
        this.name = name;
        mahjongs = new ArrayList<>(13);
    }

    public void touchCard(Mahjong mahjong, boolean display) {
        if (display) {
            System.out.println(String.format("%s 摸牌,摸到: %s", name, mahjong.getDescription()));
        }
        mahjongs.add(mahjong);
        Collections.sort(mahjongs);
        if (display) {
            display();
        }
    }

    public void playCard() {
        Iterator<Mahjong> iterator = mahjongs.iterator();
        Mahjong mahjong = mahjongs.remove(random.nextInt(mahjongs.size() - 1));
        System.out.println(String.format("%s 打出: %s", name, mahjong.getDescription()));
        Collections.sort(mahjongs);
        display();
    }

    public int cardCount() {
        return mahjongs.size();
    }

    public void display() {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        Iterator<Mahjong> iterator = mahjongs.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            Mahjong mahjong = iterator.next();
            if (sb.length() > 0) {
                sb.append(" ");
            }
            sb.append(mahjong.getDescription());
        }
        sb.insert(0, String.format("[%s] (%2d) ", name, cardCount()));
        System.out.println(sb.toString());
    }
}
public class MahjongMachine {
    private static final Random random = new Random((int) (Math.random() * 10));
    private static final Map<String, List<Mahjong>> mahjongCaches = new HashMap<>(27);
    private List<Mahjong> mahjongs = new ArrayList<>();

    public void touchCard(Player player) {
        Iterator<Mahjong> iterator = mahjongs.iterator();
        if (iterator.hasNext()) {
            Mahjong mahjong = iterator.next();
            player.touchCard(mahjong, true);
            iterator.remove();
        }
    }

    public List<Player> licensing(int cardCount, String ... playerNames) {
        Player player = null;
        List<Player> players = new ArrayList<>(playerNames.length);
        for (String playerName : playerNames) {
            player = new Player(playerName);
            players.add(player);
        }

        int counter = 0, playerCount = playerNames.length;
        Mahjong mahjong;
        Iterator<Mahjong> iterator = mahjongs.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            player = players.get(counter % playerCount);
            if (player.cardCount() < cardCount + 1) {
                mahjong = iterator.next();
                player.touchCard(mahjong, false);
                iterator.remove();
                counter++;

                if (player.cardCount() == cardCount + 1) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        for (Player temp : players) {
            temp.display();
        }
        return players;
    }

    public void reshuffle() {
        List<Mahjong> result = new ArrayList<>(108);
        for (Map.Entry<String, List<Mahjong>> entry : mahjongCaches.entrySet()) {
            result.addAll(entry.getValue());
        }
        mahjongs.addAll(result);
        Collections.shuffle(mahjongs);
    }

    public void init() {
        if (mahjongCaches != null && !mahjongCaches.isEmpty()) {
            return;
        }

        List<Mahjong> temp = null;
        for (Mahjong.Type type : Mahjong.Type.values()) {
            for (Mahjong.Number number : Mahjong.Number.values()) {
                String key = String.format("%s#%s", type.name(), number.name());
                for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                    if (!mahjongCaches.containsKey(key)) {
                        temp = new ArrayList<>(4);
                        temp.add(MahjongFactory.getMahjong(type, number));
                        mahjongCaches.put(key, temp);
                    } else if ((temp = mahjongCaches.get(key)).size() < 4) {
                        temp.add(MahjongFactory.getMahjong(type, number));
                        mahjongCaches.put(key, temp);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public int cardCount() {
        return mahjongs.size();
    }

    private <T extends Enum<T>> T random(Class<T> tClass) {
        if (!tClass.isEnum()) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Class is not a enum: " + tClass.getName());
        }

        int bound = Mahjong.Type.values().length;
        int randomIndex = random.nextInt(bound);
        return tClass.getEnumConstants()[randomIndex];
    }
}
import java.util.List;

public class MahjongTester {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        MahjongMachine machine = new MahjongMachine();
        machine.init();
        machine.reshuffle();

        int round = 1;
        String[] playerNames = new String[] { "张三", "李四", "王二", "麻子" };
        System.out.println("===============================================");
        System.out.println(String.format("                   开始第%3d局                   ", round));
        System.out.println("===============================================");
        List<Player> players = machine.licensing(12, playerNames);
        System.out.println(String.format("剩余:%3d 张牌", machine.cardCount()));

        int counter = 1, playerCount = playerNames.length;

        System.out.println("\n");
        Player player;
        player = players.get(0);
        player.playCard();
        counter++;

        while (machine.cardCount() > 0 && round <= 100) {
            System.out.println("\n");
            player = players.get(counter % playerCount);
            machine.touchCard(player);
            System.out.println(String.format("剩余:%3d 张牌", machine.cardCount()));
            counter++;
            player.playCard();
            try {
                Thread.sleep(3000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            if (machine.cardCount() == 0) {
                System.out.println("Game Over!");
                if (++round <= 100) {
                    System.out.println("===============================================");
                    System.out.println(String.format("                   开始第%3d局                   ", round));
                    System.out.println("===============================================");
                    machine.reshuffle();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

参考:
http://c.biancheng.net/view/1371.html
https://blog.csdn.net/Elsa15/article/details/87930541
https://www.cnblogs.com/V1haoge/p/6542449.html

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