P3327 约数的个数和
题意
d ( x ) d(x) d(x)为约数的个数,对于每个询问,回答 ∑ i = 1 n ∑ j = 1 m d ( i j ) \sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j=1}^md(ij) ∑i=1n∑j=1md(ij).
题解
这个题推得我头皮发麻,然后还没推出来,后来发现要做这题的先知道一个性质:
d ( i j ) = ∑ x ∣ i ∑ y ∣ j [ g c d ( x , y ) = 1 ] d(ij)=\sum_{x|i}\sum_{y|j}[gcd(x,y)=1] d(ij)=∑x∣i∑y∣j[gcd(x,y)=1]
通过这个性质,我们把原式写成
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\sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j=1}^m\sum_{x|i}\sum_{y|j}[gcd(x,y)=1]
∑i=1n∑j=1m∑x∣i∑y∣j[gcd(x,y)=1]
我们知道 ∑ d ∣ x μ ( d ) = [ x = 1 ] \sum_{d|x}\mu(d)=[x=1] ∑d∣xμ(d)=[x=1],代换进去,就得到了:
∑ i = 1 n ∑ j = 1 m ∑ x ∣ i ∑ y ∣ j ∑ d ∣ g c d ( x , y ) μ ( d ) \sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j=1}^m\sum_{x|i}\sum_{y|j}\sum_{d|gcd(x,y)}\mu(d) ∑i=1n∑j=1m∑x∣i∑y∣j∑d∣gcd(x,y)μ(d)
变枚举 i , j i,j i,j为枚举 x , y x,y x,y:
∑ x = 1 n ∑ y = 1 m ⌊ n x ⌋ ⌊ m y ⌋ ∑ d ∣ g c d ( x , y ) μ ( d ) \sum_{x=1}^n\sum_{y=1}^m \lfloor \frac{n}{x} \rfloor \lfloor \frac{m}{y} \rfloor\sum_{d|gcd(x,y)}\mu(d) ∑x=1n∑y=1m⌊xn⌋⌊ym⌋∑d∣gcd(x,y)μ(d)
再转为枚举 d d d,得到:
∑ d = 1 μ ( d ) ∑ x = 1 n / d ∑ y = 1 m / d ⌊ n x d ⌋ ⌊ m y d ⌋ \sum_{d=1}\mu(d)\sum_{x=1}^{n/d}\sum_{y=1}^{m/d} \lfloor \frac{n}{xd} \rfloor \lfloor \frac{m}{yd} \rfloor ∑d=1μ(d)∑x=1n/d∑y=1m/d⌊xdn⌋⌊ydm⌋
也即
∑ d = 1 μ ( d ) ( ∑ x = 1 n / d ⌊ n x d ⌋ ) ( ∑ y = 1 m / d ⌊ m y d ⌋ ) \sum_{d=1}\mu(d)(\sum_{x=1}^{n/d} \lfloor \frac{n}{xd} \rfloor) (\sum_{y=1}^{m/d} \lfloor \frac{m}{yd} \rfloor) ∑d=1μ(d)(∑x=1n/d⌊xdn⌋)(∑y=1m/d⌊ydm⌋)
记 f ( x ) = ∑ i = 1 x ⌊ x i ⌋ f(x)=\sum_{i=1}^x \lfloor \frac{x}{i} \rfloor f(x)=∑i=1x⌊ix⌋,则原式:
∑ d = 1 μ ( d ) f ( ⌊ n d ⌋ ) f ( ⌊ m d ⌋ ) \sum_{d=1}\mu(d)f(\lfloor \frac{n}{d} \rfloor)f(\lfloor \frac{m}{d} \rfloor) ∑d=1μ(d)f(⌊dn⌋)f(⌊dm⌋)
若 f ( x ) f(x) f(x)可以 O ( 1 ) O(1) O(1)查询的话,上面的式子就可以 O ( n ) O(\sqrt{n}) O(n)数论分块求出.
显然, f ( x ) f(x) f(x)可以用 O ( n n ) O(n\sqrt{n}) O(nn)的时间复杂度预处理出来,方法也是数论分块.
代码
// luogu-judger-enable-o2
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
#define pr(x) std::cout << #x << ':' << x << std::endl
#define rep(i,a,b) for(int i = a;i <= b;++i)
typedef long long LL;
const int N = 50010;
int n,m,T;
int prime[N+10],mu[N+10],pcnt,zhi[N+10],low[N+10];
void sieve() {
mu[1] = zhi[1] = 1;
for(int i = 2;i <= N;++i) {
if(!zhi[i]) {
prime[pcnt++] = i;
mu[i] = -1;
}
for(int j = 0;j < pcnt && i * prime[j] <= N;++j) {
zhi[i*prime[j]] = 1;
if(i % prime[j] == 0) {
mu[i*prime[j]] = 0;
break;
}
else{
mu[i*prime[j]] = -mu[i];
}
}
}
}
LL F[N+10];
int main() {
std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
std::cin >> T;
sieve();
for(int i = 1;i <= N;++i) {
mu[i] += mu[i-1];
}
for(int i = 1;i <= N;++i) {
for(int x = 1,last;x <= i;x = last+1) {
last = i/(i/x);
F[i] += (last-x+1)*(i/x);
}
}
while(T--) {
std::cin >> n >> m;
LL ans = 0;
int lim = n > m?m:n;
for(int x = 1,nx1,nx2,nxt;x <= lim;x = nxt+1) {
nx1 = n/(n/x);
nx2 = m/(m/x);
nxt = nx1>nx2?nx2:nx1;
ans += (mu[nxt]-mu[x-1])*F[n/x]*F[m/x];
}
std::cout << ans << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}