使用代理模式来实现数据库连接池,代码部分转自廖雪峰的官方网站
代理模式我的理解是:首先代理类继承了被代理类。存储了真正的被代理类对象的访问钥匙或途径,代理类可以有自己的功能,如鉴权等一些操作,等到真正需要用时才用钥匙获取被代理对象。
定义抽象类(可以不实现接口中方法)
被代理类 Connecton AbstractConnectionProxy
Connecton connection=DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
代理类 LazyConnectionProxy
LazyConnectionProxy,存储了获取真正被代理类的钥匙; getRealConnection()中使用 Supplier接口的 supplier.get()方法获取到真正的被代理类对象
Supplier supplier=
() -> {
try {
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
System.out.println("Open connection: " + conn);
return conn;
} catch (SQLException e) {
return null;
}
}
LazyDataSource 获取连接getConnection()获取的是一个代理类LazyConnectionProxy对象。
package com.example.designModel.proxy;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.SQLFeatureNotSupportedException;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
public class LazyDataSource implements DataSource {
private String url;
private String username;
private String password;
public LazyDataSource(String url, String username, String password) {
this.url = url;
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return new LazyConnectionProxy(() -> {
try {
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
System.out.println("Open connection: " + conn);
return conn;
} catch (SQLException e) {
return null;
}
});
}
...
}
代理类中定义了获取真正连接Connection的方法getRealConnection()
package com.example.designModel.proxy;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
public class LazyConnectionProxy extends AbstractConnectionProxy {
private Supplier<Connection> supplier=null;
private Connection connection=null;
public LazyConnectionProxy(Supplier<Connection> supplier){
this.supplier=supplier;
}
public void close() throws SQLException {
if(connection!=null){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
System.out.println("关闭连接");
super.close();
}
}
protected Connection getRealConnection(){
if(connection==null){
connection= supplier.get();
}
return connection;
}
}
AbstractConnectionProxy实现了Connection方法(可以认为是被代理类,因为如果不实现Connection,代理类要重写很多方法,为了省去在代理类中重写被代理类的方法,定义一个类AbstractConnectionProxy)
package com.example.designModel.proxy;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
public abstract class AbstractConnectionProxy implements Connection {
protected abstract Connection getRealConnection();
public Statement createStatement() throws SQLException{
return getRealConnection().createStatement();
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException{
return getRealConnection().prepareStatement(sql);
}
...
}
如果不想每次都获取new实例,重复利用已有连接对象,那么久放入一个代理队列池中ConcurrentLinkedQueue connectionsQuene
被代理类 Connecton AbstractConnectionProxy
Connecton connection=DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
代理类 PooledConnectionProxy
PooledConnectionProxy,存储了获取真正被代理类的钥匙 getRealConnection(),返回PooledConnectionProxy中定义的实例变量Connection对象
连接池中维护了ConcurrentLinkedQueue connectionsQuene代理连接池,getConnection() 方法获取的是代理连接。
package com.example.designModel.proxy;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.SQLFeatureNotSupportedException;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
public class PooledDataSource implements DataSource {
private String url;
private String username;
private String password;
private ConcurrentLinkedQueue<PooledConnectionProxy> connectionsQuene=new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
public PooledDataSource(String url, String username, String password) {
this.url = url;
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
}
private PooledConnectionProxy openNewConnection() throws SQLException {
Connection conn= DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
System.out.println("打开代理连接: " + conn);
return new PooledConnectionProxy(connectionsQuene, conn);
}
@Override
public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
PooledConnectionProxy conn=connectionsQuene.poll();
if(conn==null){
return openNewConnection();
}else {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
System.out.println("从队列里取出代理连接");
}
return conn;
}
...
}
代理对象PooledConnectionProxy
package com.example.designModel.proxy;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
public class PooledConnectionProxy extends AbstractConnectionProxy {
private Connection connection;
private ConcurrentLinkedQueue<PooledConnectionProxy> poolQuene;
public PooledConnectionProxy(ConcurrentLinkedQueue<PooledConnectionProxy> poolQuene, Connection connection){
this.poolQuene=poolQuene;
this.connection=connection;
}
public void close() throws SQLException{
System.out.println("假关闭,将连接放进队列"+connection);
this.poolQuene.offer(this);
}
@Override
protected Connection getRealConnection() {
return connection;
}
}
main方法
package com.example.designModel.proxy;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class MainApp {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
DataSource lazyDataSource =
new LazyDataSource("jdbc:mysql://10.136.11.199:3306/adminsys",
"root", "Dp5VqJtAQr");
System.out.println("get lazy connection...");
try (Connection conn1 = lazyDataSource.getConnection()) {
// 并没有实际打开真正的Connection
}
System.out.println("get lazy connection...");
try (Connection conn2 = lazyDataSource.getConnection()) {
try (PreparedStatement ps = conn2.prepareStatement("SELECT * FROM sys_role")) { // 打开了真正的Connection
try (ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery()) {
while (rs.next()) {
System.out.println(rs.getString("id"));
}
}
}
}
DataSource pooledDataSource =
new PooledDataSource("jdbc:mysql://10.136.11.199:3306/adminsys",
"root", "Dp5VqJtAQr");
System.out.println("get pooled connection...");
try (Connection conn1 = pooledDataSource.getConnection()) {
// 并没有实际打开真正的Connection
}
System.out.println("get pooled connection...");
try (Connection conn2 = pooledDataSource.getConnection()) {
try (PreparedStatement ps = conn2.prepareStatement("SELECT * FROM sys_role")) { // 打开了真正的Connection
try (ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery()) {
while (rs.next()) {
System.out.println(rs.getString("id"));
}
}
}
}
}
}
LazyConnectionProxy代理Connection的过程:
main执行lazyDataSource方法getConnection获得的是代理类LazyConnectionProxy对象,这个时候被代理类对象Connecton,还没有生成实例即DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);没执行,当代理类执行prepareStatement函数时,因为被代理类没有这个方法,所以去父类Connection找,又出现了getRealConnection这个类的实现,这时因为多态,栈中this指针指向的是代理对象,又会到代理对象中执行对应的getRealConnection,通过supplier.get()获得真知的被代理代理类,这时被代理类才生成实例对象。调用方法时先到父类,又回到子类,是典型的继承和多态两个特性使用。
LazyConnectionProxy代理Connection的过程:
main执行PooledDataSource方法getConnection()获得的是代理类PooledConnectionProxy对象(每个代代理对象都会有一个Connection维护在代理对象中)。调用getConnection()方法,这个时候被代理类对象判断队列是空对象,所以生成了一个被代理Connecton实例,getConnection()方法返回的是一个代理对象PooledConnectionProxy 实例,这个实例放在PooledConnectionProxy维护的队列池中,关闭时PooledConnectionProxy被加入同一个队列池中。当代理类执行prepareStatement函数时,因为被代理类没有这个方法,所以去父类Connection找,又出现了getRealConnection这个类的实现,这时因为多态,栈中this指针指向的是代理对象,又会到代理对象中执行对应的getRealConnection,通过PooledConnectionProxy中的connection获得真知的被代理代理类。
Connection接口继承了AutoCloseable接口所以可以使用try{}语句来自动关闭连接。
结果
get lazy connection…
get lazy connection…
Open connection: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@57f23557
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关闭连接
get pooled connection…
打开代理连接: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@4148db48
假关闭,将连接放进队列com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@4148db48
get pooled connection…
从队列里取出代理连接
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假关闭,将连接放进队列com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@4148db48