实现函数指针的功能，tr1::bind，tr1::function，virtual函数重载

直接上例子，参考Effective c++ 和 https://blog.csdn.net/chdhust/article/details/8006601

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <tr1/memory>
#include <tr1/functional>


//std::tr1::function 可以对静态成员函数进行绑定
//std::tr1::bind 可以对非静态成员函数进行绑定
//指向虚成员函数，可以实现函数重载 

typedef std::tr1::function<void (int)> HandlerEvent;

//然后再定义一个成员变量

class Sharp{
public:
    HandlerEvent handlerEvent;
};

//然后在其它函数内就可以通过设置handlerEvent的值来动态装载事件响应函数了，如：

class Rectangle{
private:
    std::string name;
    Sharp sharp;
public:
    void initial(void);
    void initial_1(void);
    void initial_2(void);
    const Sharp getSharp() const;
    
    static void onEvent(int param){  
        std::cout << "invode onEvent method,get parameter: " << param << std::endl;
    }
    void onEvent_1(int param){  
        std::cout << "invode onEvent method,get parameter: " << param << std::endl;
    }
    virtual void onEvent_2(int param){
	    std::cout << "invode Rectangle's onEvent method,get parameter: " << param << std::endl;
	}
	
};

//类的实现方法

void Rectangle::initial(){
    sharp.handlerEvent = std::tr1::function<void (int)>(&Rectangle::onEvent); 
    //sharp.handlerEvent = HandlerEvent(&Rectangle::onEvent); 
    std::cout << "invode initial function!" << std::endl;
}
void Rectangle::initial_1(){
    sharp.handlerEvent = std::tr1::bind(&Rectangle::onEvent_1, this, std::tr1::placeholders::_1);
    //因onEvent函数需要一个参数，所以用一占位符，这里相当于int param这个参数
    std::cout << "invode initial function!" << std::endl;
}
void Rectangle::initial_2(){
    sharp.handlerEvent = std::tr1::bind(&Rectangle::onEvent_2, this, std::tr1::placeholders::_1);
    std::cout << "invode initial function!" << std::endl;
}

const Sharp Rectangle::getSharp() const{
    return sharp;
}

class Square : public Rectangle{
public:
	void onEvent_2(int param){
    	std::cout << "invode Square's onEvent method,get parameter: " << param << std::endl;
    }
};

//下面为测试函数:

int main(int argc,char *argv[]){
    Rectangle rectangle;
    rectangle.initial();  
    rectangle.getSharp().handlerEvent(23);   
    
    Rectangle rectangle_1;
    rectangle_1.initial_1();  
    rectangle_1.getSharp().handlerEvent(24);
	
	Rectangle rectangle_2;
    rectangle_2.initial_2();
    rectangle_2.getSharp().handlerEvent(25);
    Square square;
    square.initial_2();
    square.getSharp().handlerEvent(26);      
    return 0;
}

结果呈现：
invode initial function!
invode onEvent method,get parameter: 23
invode initial function!
invode onEvent method,get parameter: 24
invode initial function!
invode Rectangle’s onEvent method,get parameter: 25
invode initial function!
invode Square’s onEvent method,get parameter: 26