json序列化TypeError Circular reference异常处理

json序列化常见异常处理

json序列化异常TypeError: Object of type xxx is not JSON serializable

• json序列化时，只支持基本类型，bool，None，数值，字符串，tuple，dict(对应定义JSONObject)，一般不支持具体编程语言的类对象

book = {
    "1": True,
    "2": None,
    "3": "A",
    "4": tuple(),
    "5": tuple([1, 2]),
    "6": dict(),
}

print(json.dumps(book))
# {"1": true, "2": null, "3": "A", "4": [], "5": [1, 2], "6": {}}

class BookClass:

    def __init__(self):
        self.name = ""
        self.author = ""
        self.price = 0.0


book = BookClass()
print(json.dumps(book))
# TypeError: Object of type BookClass is not JSON serializable

• python没有定义类似__json__魔术方法，要序列化类对象，首先主动转化为基本类型，或者定制json库行为

class BookClass:
    ...

    def to_json(self):
        return {
            "name": self.name,
            "author": self.author,
            "price": self.price,
        }


# 方法一：主动转化
book = BookClass()
print(json.dumps(book.to_json()))
# {"name": "", "author": "", "price": 0.0}

# 方法二：定制序列化类
def _json_hook(self, obj):
    return getattr(obj, "to_json", _json_default)()


_json_default = json.JSONEncoder.default
json.JSONEncoder.default = _json_hook

book = BookClass()
print(json.dumps(book))
# {"name": "", "author": "", "price": 0.0}

json序列化异常ValueError: Circular reference detected

• json序列化时不能循环引用，json定义没有对象引用类型
• 循环引用语法层面是没有任何问题的，可以用print打印查看

# 测试demo

import json

publisher = {"name": "IT民工", "books": []}

book_a = {}
book_a["name"] = "码农的世界"
book_a["author"] = "码农a"
book_a["price"] = 5.55
book_a["publisher"] = publisher

book_b = {}
book_b["name"] = "码农的逆袭"
book_b["author"] = "1024"
book_b["price"] = 555
book_b["publisher"] = publisher

print(json.dumps(book_a))
print(publisher)
print(json.dumps(publisher))
publisher["books"].append(book_a)
publisher["books"].append(book_b)
print(publisher)
print(json.dumps(publisher))