Spring bean的生命周期

前言

此前的面向对象设计思想说到，要面对抽象编程，不要面向具体编程，依赖至于抽象等，具体的有依赖倒置原则、里氏替换原则等等，而Spring核心思想DI和IOC就是对面向对象设计的一个实践。

Spring框架（在Java中称为IoC容器）​。在该框架中，通过XML配置文件建立接口和具体类之间的关系，IoC容器通过该配置文件来做具体的新建的工作，这样在实际应用中，只需要修改配置文件就能换成不同的具体类，从而不需要修改任何代码了。

下面让我们来看看Spring IOC容器管理的bean的生命周期

bean生命周期

栗子

maven依赖

 <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 方便等会写单元测试 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.4</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

测试类

package com.shiqitool.async.spring;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistry;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisherAware;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportAware;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @program: shiqitool
 * @description:
 * @author: shiqi
 * @create: 2024-09-06 16:03
 **/
@Component
public class SpringLifeBean implements BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor, BeanFactoryPostProcessor, InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor,
        MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor, InitializingBean,
        BeanNameAware, BeanFactoryAware, BeanClassLoaderAware, ApplicationContextAware, ApplicationEventPublisherAware, ImportAware {
    @Override
    public void postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(BeanDefinitionRegistry beanDefinitionRegistry) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("======postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry===========");
    }

    @Override
    public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory configurableListableBeanFactory) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("======postProcessBeanFactory===========");
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("======postProcessBeforeInitialization===========");
        System.out.println(beanName);
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("======postProcessAfterInitialization===========");
        System.out.println(beanName);
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void postProcessMergedBeanDefinition(RootBeanDefinition rootBeanDefinition, Class<?> aClass, String s) {
        System.out.println("======postProcessMergedBeanDefinition===========");
        System.out.println(s);
    }

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("======afterPropertiesSet=======================");
    }

    @Override
    public void setBeanName(String s) {
        System.out.println("================BeanNameAware=====================");
    }

    @Override
    public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("================BeanFactoryAware=====================");
    }

    @Override
    public void setBeanClassLoader(ClassLoader classLoader) {
        System.out.println("================BeanClassLoaderAware=====================");
    }

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("======ApplicationContextAware=========================");
    }

    @Override
    public void setApplicationEventPublisher(ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher) {
        System.out.println("======ApplicationEventPublisherAware=========================");
    }

    @Override
    public void setImportMetadata(AnnotationMetadata importMetadata) {
        System.out.println("======ImportAware=========================");
    }
}

启动Application

================BeanNameAware=====================
================BeanClassLoaderAware=====================
================BeanFactoryAware=====================
======ApplicationEventPublisherAware=========================
======ApplicationContextAware=========================
======afterPropertiesSet=======================
======postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry===========
======postProcessBeanFactory===========
======postProcessMergedBeanDefinition===========
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration$EmbeddedTomcat
======postProcessBeforeInitialization===========
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration$EmbeddedTomcat
======postProcessAfterInitialization===========
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration$EmbeddedTomcat

结论：
先执行aware接口、后afterPropertiesSet、后postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry、postProcessBeanFactory（只执行一次）
创建bean实例的时候postProcessMergedBeanDefinition、postProcessBeforeInitialization、初始化、postProcessAfterInitialization会执行多次