ViewBinding(视图绑定)基础详解

jianning-wu

已于 2023-09-07 15:53:46 修改

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分类专栏： Jetpack 文章标签： View Binding Android视图绑定 Android 协程 Android依赖注入 Android MVVM

于 2017-04-25 16:03:54 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_37730482/article/details/70741590

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一.简介

ViewBinding是Android Studio 3.6推出的新特性，旨在替代findViewById(内部实现还是使用findViewById)。通过ViewBinding，可以更轻松地编写可与视图交互的代码。在模块中启用ViewBinding之后，系统会为该模块中的每个 XML 布局文件生成一个绑定类。绑定类的实例包含对在相应布局中具有 ID 的所有视图的直接引用。

注：ViewBinding&DataBinding区别

1.两者都生成可用于直接引用视图的绑定类。

2.View binding旨在处理更简单的用例，有以下特点

<1> 更快的编译：视图绑定不需要注释处理，因此编译时间更快。

<2> 易用性：视图绑定不需要特别标记的 XML 布局文件，因此在您的应用程序中采用它的速度更快。在模块中启用视图绑定后，它会自动应用于该模块的所有布局。

<3> 视图绑定不支持布局变量或布局表达式，因此它不能用于直接从 XML 布局文件声明动态 UI 内容。

3.DataBinding可以支持变量刷新，布局表达式，可以直接从 XML 布局文件声明动态 UI 内容。

二.依赖及文件路径

1.添加依赖

模块build.gradle文件android节点下添加如下代码

android {
      
    viewBinding{
        enabled = true
    }

}

在 Android Studio 4.0 中，viewBinding 变成属性被整合到了 buildFeatures 选项中，所以配置要改成

android {

 buildFeatures {

  viewBinding = true

 }

}

2.文件路径

配置好上述Gradle，成功编译后，在相应Module中对应的文件夹下回看到生成的内容

三.Activity使用

1.Activity代码

public class BaseModuleMainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    ActivityBaseModuleMainBinding binding;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        binding = ActivityBaseModuleMainBinding.inflate(getLayoutInflater());
        setContentView(binding.getRoot());

        binding.tvBaseModule.setText("我是TextView");
        binding.tvBaseModule.setOnClickListener(v -> LoggerUtils.logD("BaseModuleMainActivity", "TextView点击..."));
    }

}

2.Activity布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_base_module"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="@dimen/dp_100"
        android:background="@color/purple_200"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textColor="@color/white"
        tools:ignore="MissingConstraints" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

3.结果

BaseModuleMainActivity  TextView点击...

4.说明

原本默认情况下Activity的onCreate方法是这样的

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    ...
}

即，使用setContentView()方法设置布局。而使用ViewBinding则需要在setContentView()方法前获取XXXBinding对象。

binding = ActivityBaseModuleMainBinding.inflate(getLayoutInflater());

然后调用XXXBinding对象的getRoot方法获取XXXView设置到setContentView()方法。

setContentView(binding.getRoot());

5.源码

生成的XXXBinding文件是按照Activity布局的名称驼峰生成的。

比如上述我们的Activity布局名称是activity_base_module_main，

那么生成的Binding文件名称则是ActivityBaseModuleMainBinding。

public final class ActivityBaseModuleMainBinding implements ViewBinding {
  @NonNull
  private final ConstraintLayout rootView;

  @NonNull
  public final TextView tvBaseModule;

  private ActivityBaseModuleMainBinding(@NonNull ConstraintLayout rootView,
      @NonNull TextView tvBaseModule) {
    this.rootView = rootView;
    this.tvBaseModule = tvBaseModule;
  }

  @Override
  @NonNull
  public ConstraintLayout getRoot() {
    return rootView;
  }

  @NonNull
  public static ActivityBaseModuleMainBinding inflate(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater) {
    return inflate(inflater, null, false);
  }

  @NonNull
  public static ActivityBaseModuleMainBinding inflate(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater,
      @Nullable ViewGroup parent, boolean attachToParent) {
    View root = inflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_base_module_main, parent, false);
    if (attachToParent) {
      parent.addView(root);
    }
    return bind(root);
  }

  @NonNull
  public static ActivityBaseModuleMainBinding bind(@NonNull View rootView) {
    // The body of this method is generated in a way you would not otherwise write.
    // This is done to optimize the compiled bytecode for size and performance.
    int id;
    missingId: {
      id = R.id.tv_base_module;
      TextView tvBaseModule = rootView.findViewById(id);
      if (tvBaseModule == null) {
        break missingId;
      }

      return new ActivityBaseModuleMainBinding((ConstraintLayout) rootView, tvBaseModule);
    }
    String missingId = rootView.getResources().getResourceName(id);
    throw new NullPointerException("Missing required view with ID: ".concat(missingId));
  }
}

四.Fragment使用

1.Fragment代码

public class BaseModuleMainFragment extends Fragment {

    FragmentBaseModuleMainBinding binding;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        LoggerUtils.logD("BaseModuleMainFragment", "onCreate方法执行...");
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        binding = FragmentBaseModuleMainBinding.inflate(inflater, container, false);
        LoggerUtils.logD("BaseModuleMainFragment", "onCreateView方法执行...");
        return binding.getRoot();
    }

    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable @org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);

        binding.tv01.setText("我是textView");
        binding.tv01.setOnClickListener(v -> LoggerUtils.logD("BaseModuleMainFragment", "TextView点击..."));

        binding.btn01.setText("我是Button");
        binding.btn01.setOnClickListener(v -> LoggerUtils.logD("BaseModuleMainFragment", "Button点击..."));

        LoggerUtils.logD("BaseModuleMainFragment", "onViewCreated方法执行...");
    }
}

2.Fragment布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_01"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="@dimen/dp_100"
        android:background="@color/purple_200"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textColor="@color/white"
        tools:ignore="MissingConstraints" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_01"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="@dimen/dp_100"
        android:background="@color/purple_500"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/tv_01"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textColor="@color/white"
        tools:ignore="MissingConstraints" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

3.结果

### 初始化打印内容 ###
onCreate方法执行...
                                                                                                    	onCreateView方法执行...

onViewCreated方法执行...



### 点击TextView打印内容 ###
TextView点击...


### 点击Button打印内容 ###
Button点击...

4.说明

原本默认情况下Fragment的onCreateView方法是这样的

@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_base_module_main, container, false);
    
    initView(view);
    
    return view;
}

使用ViewBinding后变成

binding = FragmentBaseModuleMainBinding.inflate(inflater, container, false);


return binding.getRoot();

5.源码

public final class FragmentBaseModuleMainBinding implements ViewBinding {
  @NonNull
  private final ConstraintLayout rootView;

  @NonNull
  public final Button btn01;

  @NonNull
  public final TextView tv01;

  private FragmentBaseModuleMainBinding(@NonNull ConstraintLayout rootView, @NonNull Button btn01,
      @NonNull TextView tv01) {
    this.rootView = rootView;
    this.btn01 = btn01;
    this.tv01 = tv01;
  }

  @Override
  @NonNull
  public ConstraintLayout getRoot() {
    return rootView;
  }

  @NonNull
  public static FragmentBaseModuleMainBinding inflate(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater) {
    return inflate(inflater, null, false);
  }

  @NonNull
  public static FragmentBaseModuleMainBinding inflate(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater,
      @Nullable ViewGroup parent, boolean attachToParent) {
    View root = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_base_module_main, parent, false);
    if (attachToParent) {
      parent.addView(root);
    }
    return bind(root);
  }

  @NonNull
  public static FragmentBaseModuleMainBinding bind(@NonNull View rootView) {
    // The body of this method is generated in a way you would not otherwise write.
    // This is done to optimize the compiled bytecode for size and performance.
    int id;
    missingId: {
      id = R.id.btn_01;
      Button btn01 = rootView.findViewById(id);
      if (btn01 == null) {
        break missingId;
      }

      id = R.id.tv_01;
      TextView tv01 = rootView.findViewById(id);
      if (tv01 == null) {
        break missingId;
      }

      return new FragmentBaseModuleMainBinding((ConstraintLayout) rootView, btn01, tv01);
    }
    String missingId = rootView.getResources().getResourceName(id);
    throw new NullPointerException("Missing required view with ID: ".concat(missingId));
  }
}

五.Dialog使用

1.Dialog代码

public class PrivacyAgreementDialog extends Dialog implements View.OnClickListener {

    private IDialogCallback mIDialogCallback;
    private DialogPrivacyagreementBinding binding;

    public PrivacyAgreementDialog(Activity activity) {
        super(activity, R.style.dialog_style);
        binding = DialogPrivacyagreementBinding.inflate(getLayoutInflater());
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(binding.getRoot());

        binding.tvContent1.setText("内容1111");
        binding.tvContent2.setText("内容222");

        binding.tvCancel.setOnClickListener(this);
        binding.tvSure.setOnClickListener(this);

        setCancelable(false);//点击外部 对话框不消失
    }

    /**
     * 点击事件
     */

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        if (AntiShakeUtils.isInvalidClick(v)) return;
        if (v.getId() == R.id.tvCancel && null != mIDialogCallback) {
            mIDialogCallback.onCancelClick();
        } else if (v.getId() == R.id.tvSure && null != mIDialogCallback) {
            mIDialogCallback.onSureClick();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 设置回调监听
     */

    public void setDialogListener(IDialogCallback dialogListener) {
        mIDialogCallback = dialogListener;
    }

}

2.布局代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/transparent"
    android:gravity="center">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginLeft="@dimen/dp_20"
        android:layout_marginRight="@dimen/dp_20"
        android:background="@drawable/drawable_while_bg_while_line_r3"
        android:orientation="vertical">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tvTitle"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="@dimen/dp_45"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="@string/privacy_agreement_textView01"
            android:textColor="#000000"
            android:textSize="@dimen/text_dp_14"
            tools:ignore="SpUsage" />

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginLeft="@dimen/dp_15"
            android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/dp_10"
            android:layout_marginRight="@dimen/dp_15"
            android:layout_marginBottom="@dimen/dp_10"
            android:orientation="vertical">

            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tvContent1"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:lineSpacingExtra="@dimen/dp_5"
                android:textColor="#FF37414E"
                android:textSize="@dimen/text_dp_14"
                tools:ignore="SpUsage" />

            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tvContent2"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:lineSpacingExtra="@dimen/dp_5"
                android:textColor="#FF37414E"
                android:textSize="@dimen/text_dp_14"
                tools:ignore="SpUsage" />

        </LinearLayout>

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="@dimen/dp_45"
            android:orientation="horizontal"
            android:weightSum="2">

            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tvCancel"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:ellipsize="end"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:singleLine="true"
                android:text="@string/privacy_agreement_textView02"
                android:textColor="#FF37414E"
                android:textSize="@dimen/text_dp_14"
                tools:ignore="SpUsage" />

            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tvSure"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:ellipsize="end"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:singleLine="true"
                android:text="@string/privacy_agreement_textView03"
                android:textColor="#FF37414E"
                android:textSize="@dimen/text_dp_14"
                tools:ignore="SpUsage" />

        </LinearLayout>

    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

3.源码

public final class DialogPrivacyagreementBinding implements ViewBinding {
  @NonNull
  private final LinearLayout rootView;

  @NonNull
  public final TextView tvCancel;

  @NonNull
  public final TextView tvContent1;

  @NonNull
  public final TextView tvContent2;

  @NonNull
  public final TextView tvSure;

  @NonNull
  public final TextView tvTitle;

  private DialogPrivacyagreementBinding(@NonNull LinearLayout rootView, @NonNull TextView tvCancel,
      @NonNull TextView tvContent1, @NonNull TextView tvContent2, @NonNull TextView tvSure,
      @NonNull TextView tvTitle) {
    this.rootView = rootView;
    this.tvCancel = tvCancel;
    this.tvContent1 = tvContent1;
    this.tvContent2 = tvContent2;
    this.tvSure = tvSure;
    this.tvTitle = tvTitle;
  }

  @Override
  @NonNull
  public LinearLayout getRoot() {
    return rootView;
  }

  @NonNull
  public static DialogPrivacyagreementBinding inflate(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater) {
    return inflate(inflater, null, false);
  }

  @NonNull
  public static DialogPrivacyagreementBinding inflate(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater,
      @Nullable ViewGroup parent, boolean attachToParent) {
    View root = inflater.inflate(R.layout.dialog_privacyagreement, parent, false);
    if (attachToParent) {
      parent.addView(root);
    }
    return bind(root);
  }

  @NonNull
  public static DialogPrivacyagreementBinding bind(@NonNull View rootView) {
    // The body of this method is generated in a way you would not otherwise write.
    // This is done to optimize the compiled bytecode for size and performance.
    int id;
    missingId: {
      id = R.id.tvCancel;
      TextView tvCancel = rootView.findViewById(id);
      if (tvCancel == null) {
        break missingId;
      }

      id = R.id.tvContent1;
      TextView tvContent1 = rootView.findViewById(id);
      if (tvContent1 == null) {
        break missingId;
      }

      id = R.id.tvContent2;
      TextView tvContent2 = rootView.findViewById(id);
      if (tvContent2 == null) {
        break missingId;
      }

      id = R.id.tvSure;
      TextView tvSure = rootView.findViewById(id);
      if (tvSure == null) {
        break missingId;
      }

      id = R.id.tvTitle;
      TextView tvTitle = rootView.findViewById(id);
      if (tvTitle == null) {
        break missingId;
      }

      return new DialogPrivacyagreementBinding((LinearLayout) rootView, tvCancel, tvContent1,
          tvContent2, tvSure, tvTitle);
    }
    String missingId = rootView.getResources().getResourceName(id);
    throw new NullPointerException("Missing required view with ID: ".concat(missingId));
  }
}

六.Adapter使用

1.Adapter代码

public class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MyAdapter.ViewHolder> {

    private final List<String> mList;
    private final LayoutInflater mInflater;

    public MyAdapter(Activity activity, List<String> list) {
        mList = list;
        mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(activity);
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        ItemMyRecyclerviewBinding binding = ItemMyRecyclerviewBinding.inflate(mInflater, parent, false);
        return new ViewHolder(binding);
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull ViewHolder holder, int position) {
        holder.textView.setText(mList.get(position));

        holder.itemView.setOnClickListener(v -> LoggerUtils.logD("MyAdapter", "Item点击..."));
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return mList.size();
    }

    /**
     * ViewHolder类
     */

    static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {

        private ItemMyRecyclerviewBinding binding;
        private final TextView textView;

        public ViewHolder(ItemMyRecyclerviewBinding binding) {
            super(binding.getRoot());
            textView = binding.tvItem;
        }
    }

}

2.Item布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="110dp">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_item"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"
        android:background="@color/purple_200"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textColor="@color/white"
        tools:ignore="MissingConstraints"
        tools:text="我是Item内容" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

3.源码

public final class ItemMyRecyclerviewBinding implements ViewBinding {
  @NonNull
  private final ConstraintLayout rootView;

  @NonNull
  public final TextView tvItem;

  private ItemMyRecyclerviewBinding(@NonNull ConstraintLayout rootView, @NonNull TextView tvItem) {
    this.rootView = rootView;
    this.tvItem = tvItem;
  }

  @Override
  @NonNull
  public ConstraintLayout getRoot() {
    return rootView;
  }

  @NonNull
  public static ItemMyRecyclerviewBinding inflate(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater) {
    return inflate(inflater, null, false);
  }

  @NonNull
  public static ItemMyRecyclerviewBinding inflate(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater,
      @Nullable ViewGroup parent, boolean attachToParent) {
    View root = inflater.inflate(R.layout.item_my_recyclerview, parent, false);
    if (attachToParent) {
      parent.addView(root);
    }
    return bind(root);
  }

  @NonNull
  public static ItemMyRecyclerviewBinding bind(@NonNull View rootView) {
    // The body of this method is generated in a way you would not otherwise write.
    // This is done to optimize the compiled bytecode for size and performance.
    int id;
    missingId: {
      id = R.id.tv_item;
      TextView tvItem = rootView.findViewById(id);
      if (tvItem == null) {
        break missingId;
      }

      return new ItemMyRecyclerviewBinding((ConstraintLayout) rootView, tvItem);
    }
    String missingId = rootView.getResources().getResourceName(id);
    throw new NullPointerException("Missing required view with ID: ".concat(missingId));
  }
}

七.include标签使用

1.include标签所在的布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_include_flags"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="@dimen/dp_100"
        android:background="@color/purple_500"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textColor="@color/white"
        tools:ignore="MissingConstraints" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

2.Activity布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">

    <include
        android:id="@+id/include_layout"
        layout="@layout/include_flags"/>

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

3.Activity代码

public class BaseModuleMainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    ActivityBaseModuleMainBinding binding;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        binding = ActivityBaseModuleMainBinding.inflate(getLayoutInflater());
        setContentView(binding.getRoot());

        binding.includeLayout.tvIncludeFlags.setText("我是Include标签引入的布局");
    }

}

4.说明

include 标签必须设置id，使用时直接使用该id就可以找到include标签引入的布局了

八.include标签内有merge标签使用

1.include标签所在的布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<merge xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/include_merge_button1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        android:background="@color/purple_200"
        android:textColor="#FFFFFF" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/include_merge_button2"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        android:background="@color/purple_500"
        android:textColor="#FFFFFF" />

</merge>

2.Activity布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <include layout="@layout/include_flags" />

</LinearLayout>

3.Activity代码

public class BaseModuleMainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    ActivityBaseModuleMainBinding binding;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        binding = ActivityBaseModuleMainBinding.inflate(getLayoutInflater());
        setContentView(binding.getRoot());

        IncludeFlagsBinding mergeBinding = IncludeFlagsBinding.bind(binding.getRoot());
        mergeBinding.includeMergeButton1.setText("TextView001");
        mergeBinding.includeMergeButton2.setText("TextView002");
    }
}

4.说明

<1> include 标签带 merge 标签，需要通过bind()将merge布局绑定到主布局上。

九.某些文件不想使用ViewBinding

如果为Module启用了视图绑定，则会为Module包含的每个XML布局文件生成一个绑定类。绑定类的名称是通过将XML文件的名称转换为 Pascal 大小写并在末尾添加Binding一词来生成的。

如果那个布局文件不需要生成绑定类(不想用这个功能)。可以将该布局的根视图中加入以下代码

tools:viewBindingIgnore="true"

添加改属性前

添加改属性后

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    tools:viewBindingIgnore="true"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <include layout="@layout/include_flags" />

</LinearLayout>

十.原理

ViewBinding的原理就是通过gradle插件在编译的中增加了新功能，当某个module开启ViewBinding功能后，编译的时候就去扫描此模块下的layout文件，生成对应的binding类。

文件路径

源码

public final class ActivityBaseModuleMainBinding implements ViewBinding {
  @NonNull
  private final ConstraintLayout rootView;

  @NonNull
  public final TextView tvBaseModule;

  private ActivityBaseModuleMainBinding(@NonNull ConstraintLayout rootView,
      @NonNull TextView tvBaseModule) {
    this.rootView = rootView;
    this.tvBaseModule = tvBaseModule;
  }

  @Override
  @NonNull
  public ConstraintLayout getRoot() {
    return rootView;
  }

  @NonNull
  public static ActivityBaseModuleMainBinding inflate(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater) {
    return inflate(inflater, null, false);
  }

  @NonNull
  public static ActivityBaseModuleMainBinding inflate(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater,
      @Nullable ViewGroup parent, boolean attachToParent) {
    View root = inflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_base_module_main, parent, false);
    if (attachToParent) {
      parent.addView(root);
    }
    return bind(root);
  }

  @NonNull
  public static ActivityBaseModuleMainBinding bind(@NonNull View rootView) {
    // The body of this method is generated in a way you would not otherwise write.
    // This is done to optimize the compiled bytecode for size and performance.
    int id;
    missingId: {
      id = R.id.tv_base_module;
      TextView tvBaseModule = rootView.findViewById(id);
      if (tvBaseModule == null) {
        break missingId;
      }

      return new ActivityBaseModuleMainBinding((ConstraintLayout) rootView, tvBaseModule);
    }
    String missingId = rootView.getResources().getResourceName(id);
    throw new NullPointerException("Missing required view with ID: ".concat(missingId));
  }
}

源码中可以看出，最终使用的仍然是findViewById，ViewBinding通过编译时扫描layout文件生成ViewBinding绑定类。

与findViewById相比优点

<1> 空安全：由于视图绑定会创建对视图的直接引用，因此不存在因视图 ID 无效而引发 Null 指针异常的风险。此外，如果视图仅出现在布局的某些配置中（比如横竖屏布局内容差异），则绑定类中包含其引用的字段会使用 @Nullable 标记。

<2> 类型安全：每个绑定类中的字段均具有与它们在 XML 文件中引用的视图相匹配的类型。这意味着不存在发生类转换异常的风险。