docker（三）

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-01 09:44:11 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-01 09:44:11 发布

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分类专栏： docker 文章标签： docker

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_37893887/article/details/90084967

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这一节介绍docker的数据卷，我们首先聊一下虚拟化，然后操作一下docker数据卷。

1、虚拟化

虚拟化是云计算的基础，我们接触最多的虚拟化产品openstack、vmware、docker、yarn、mesos等这些都是虚拟化相关的产品。其中如果按照功能分类，又可以分为cpu虚拟化、内存虚拟化、IO虚拟化、网络虚拟化等。但是大家是否注意到没有硬盘虚拟化。因为什么呢？这是因为openstack或者vmware都是认为采用共享存储的网络云盘（NAS）作为存储工具，所以不单独将磁盘进行虚拟化。

一般情况下按照磁盘使用程度可以将虚拟机分为两种类型：web服务器、数据库。web服务器一般只需要挂载一个50G的磁盘就足够用了，一般用于存放应用备份以及日志，数据库类型的虚拟机需要挂载一个200G~500g的磁盘。当然现在类似ALAP数据库增加该虚拟机有可能负担较大的计算任务，所以会挂载多个盘。

2、数据卷

docker挂载数据卷和linux挂载磁盘没什么区别，所以我们只需要把docker数据卷挂载这一块操作一下就好了。

1、容器常用的方式是将宿主机上的文件夹挂载到容器中的一个文件夹

2、挂载文件常见很少见，由于有些文件操作是先创建一份新文件再替换掉老文件，这种情况下文件inode就会变化，docker就会出现问题

3、容器可以继承一个容器挂载的数据卷

3、操作

3.1 在一个容器上挂载两个数据卷

root@ubuntu16server:/# docker run -it -v /opt/data1:/data1 -v /opt/data2:/data2 ubuntu /bin/bash
root@a571b7338fa1:/#
root@a571b7338fa1:/#
root@a571b7338fa1:/#
root@a571b7338fa1:/#
root@a571b7338fa1:/# ls /
bin  boot  data1  data2  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
root@a571b7338fa1:/#

查看数据卷：

root@ubuntu16server:/# docker inspect a571b7338fa1
[
    {
        "Id": "a571b7338fa1c9e2890fe9f72610bc94b5c94f4790f5fe6322ee3ccc1364730c",
        "Created": "2019-05-10T14:43:39.576855888Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "exited",
            "Running": false,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 0,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2019-05-10T14:43:40.285177573Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2019-05-10T14:44:10.937686762Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:d131e0fa2585a7efbfb187f70d648aa50e251d9d3b7031edf4730ca6154e221e",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a571b7338fa1c9e2890fe9f72610bc94b5c94f4790f5fe6322ee3ccc1364730c/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a571b7338fa1c9e2890fe9f72610bc94b5c94f4790f5fe6322ee3ccc1364730c/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a571b7338fa1c9e2890fe9f72610bc94b5c94f4790f5fe6322ee3ccc1364730c/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a571b7338fa1c9e2890fe9f72610bc94b5c94f4790f5fe6322ee3ccc1364730c/a571b7338fa1c9e2890fe9f72610bc94b5c94f4790f5fe6322ee3ccc1364730c-json.log",
        "Name": "/peaceful_wright",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": [
                "/opt/data1:/data1",
                "/opt/data2:/data2"
            ],
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "shareable",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DiskQuota": 0,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": 0,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a0ff7054e46f83c99e37afe081064fb3b4ef0124ab844d7203cb6037822fb4d0-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c6fbad833505793da0e29809ed3ec3475a1c7489c57cadc009f43da0b3a7db08/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2201aeef542fe4e6eb1ead3d807b3d6503af739bbbb3502d9e7c4f59d245b918/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7f234d3a44d498d3aa31e49878d6a6b1e0bcce547d7d2bf0e273b5abc5f48f66/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c2ac04abc8a10f442ac993ee71820da4594445ff77a9da93f391c6cf41db23d2/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a0ff7054e46f83c99e37afe081064fb3b4ef0124ab844d7203cb6037822fb4d0/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a0ff7054e46f83c99e37afe081064fb3b4ef0124ab844d7203cb6037822fb4d0/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a0ff7054e46f83c99e37afe081064fb3b4ef0124ab844d7203cb6037822fb4d0/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [
            {
                "Type": "bind",
                "Source": "/opt/data1",
                "Destination": "/data1",
                "Mode": "",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": "rprivate"
            },
            {
                "Type": "bind",
                "Source": "/opt/data2",
                "Destination": "/data2",
                "Mode": "",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": "rprivate"
            }
        ],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "a571b7338fa1",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "ubuntu",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {}
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "d643b24199a246ce42016b3161c5725d11df07e44ed3f4f99a1f997a628ba561",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/d643b24199a2",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "",
            "Gateway": "",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "",
            "IPPrefixLen": 0,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "8ca155bb114473abfbcec83f36e2006af0175a03ac525307c14ab107fcd1cf28",
                    "EndpointID": "",
                    "Gateway": "",
                    "IPAddress": "",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 0,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
root@ubuntu16server:/#

发现这个容器挂载了两个数据卷。

3.2 创建一个新容器，数据卷继承a571b7338fa1这个容器

root@ubuntu16server:/#  docker run -it --volumes-from a571b7338fa1 ubuntu /bin/bash
root@487aa6a1d926:/# ls /
bin  boot  data1  data2  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
root@487aa6a1d926:/#

数据卷可以挂载日志盘以及数据盘，在实际使用中一般都是挂载云盘，这样不管docker容器在调度是在哪里启动都可以挂载到相应的盘上去。