在什么情况下、使用python类的使用-详解Python中类的定义与使用

类顾名思义，就是一类事物、或者叫做实例，它用来描述具有共同特征的一类事物。我们在python中声明类的关键词是class，类还有功能和属性，属性就是这类事物的特征，而功能就是它能做什么，也是就是方法或者函数。我们仍然用例子来说明问题。

目标：

1.类的定义

2.父类，子类定义，以及子类调用父类

3.类的组合使用

4.内置功能

1.类的定义

代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python

#coding:utf8

class Hotel(object):

"""docstring for Hotel"""

def __init__(self, room, cf=1.0, br=15):

self.room = room

self.cf = cf

self.br = br

def cacl_all(self, days=1):

return (self.room * self.cf + self.br) * days

if __name__ == '__main__':

stdroom = Hotel(200)

big_room = Hotel(230, 0.9)

print stdroom.cacl_all()

print stdroom.cacl_all(2)

print big_room.cacl_all()

print big_room.cacl_all(3)

2.父类、子类以及调用父类

代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# 父类

class AddBook(object):

def __init__(self, name, phone):

self.name = name

self.phone = phone

def get_phone(self):

return self.phone

# 子类，继承

class EmplEmail(AddBook):

def __init__(self, nm, ph, email):

# AddBook.__init__(self, nm, ph) # 调用父类方法一

super(EmplEmail, self).__init__(nm, ph) # 调用父类方法二

self.email = email

def get_email(self):

return self.email

# 调用

if __name__ == "__main__":

Detian = AddBook('handetian', '18210413001')

Meng = AddBook('shaomeng', '18210413002')

print Detian.get_phone()

print AddBook.get_phone(Meng)

alice = EmplEmail('alice', '18210418888', 'alice@xkops.com')

print alice.get_email(), alice.get_phone()

3.类的组合使用

代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

'''

1.class类的组合使用

2.手机、邮箱、QQ等是可以变化的（定义在一起），姓名不可变（单独定义）。

3.在另一个类中引用

'''

class Info(object):

def __init__(self, phone, email, qq):

self.phone = phone

self.email = email

self.qq = qq

def get_phone(self):

return self.phone

def update_phone(self, newphone):

self.phone = newphone

print "手机号更改已更改"

def get_email(self):

return self.email

class AddrBook(object):

'''docstring for AddBook'''

def __init__(self, name, phone, email, qq):

self.name = name

self.info = Info(phone, email, qq)

if __name__ == "__main__":

Detian = AddrBook('handetian', '18210413001', 'detian@xkops.com', '123456')

print Detian.info.get_phone()

Detian.info.update_phone(18210413002)

print Detian.info.get_phone()

print Detian.info.get_email()

4.内置功能(函数（）加与不加的区别）

代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python

#coding:utf8

class Books(object):

def __init__(self, title, author):

self.title = title

self.author = author

def __str__(self):

return self.title

def __repr__(self):

return self.title

def __call__(self):

print "%s is written by %s" %(self.title, self.author)

if __name__ == '__main__':

pybook = Books('Core Python', 'Wesley')

print pybook

pybook()

#!/usr/bin/env python

#coding:utf8

class Number(object):

"""Custum object

add/radd -> +;

sub/rsub -> -;

mul/rmul -> *;

div/rdiv -> /;

"""

def __init__(self, number):

self.number = number

def __add__(self, other):

return self.number + other

def __radd__(self, other):

return self.number + other

def __sub__(self, other):

return self.number - other

def __rsub__(self, other):

return other - self.number

def __gt__(self, other):

if self.number > other:

return True

return False

if __name__ == '__main__':

num = Number(10)

print num + 20

print 30 + num

print num - 5

print 11 - num

print num > 20

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