五种负载均衡策略:
location /xxx {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
proxy_pass http://backserver;
}
轮询(默认):
每个请求按时间顺序逐一分配到不同的后端服务器,如果后端服务器down掉,能自动剔除
upstream backserver {
server 192.168.0.11:8080;
server 192.168.0.12:8080;
}
指定权重:
指定轮询几率,weight和访问比率成正比,用于后端服务器性能不均的情况,权重越高,被访问的概率越大
upstream backserver {
server 192.168.0.11:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.0.12:8080 weight=2;
}
IP绑定ip_hash:
每个请求按访问ip的hash结果分配,这样每个访客固定访问一个后端服务器,可以解决session的问题
upstream backserver {
ip_hash;
server 192.168.0.11:8080;
server 192.168.0.12:8080;
}
fair(第三方):
按后端服务器的响应时间来分配请求,响应时间短的优先分配
upstream backserver {
server 192.168.0.11:8080;
server 192.168.0.12:8080;
fair;
}
url_hash(第三方):
按访问url的hash结果来分配请求,使每个url定向到同一个后端服务器,后端服务器为缓存时比较有效
upstream backserver {
server 192.168.0.11:8080;
server 192.168.0.12:8080;
hash $request_uri;
hash_method crc32;
}
配置实例:
worker_processes 2;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
underscores_in_headers on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
root /opt/wwwroot/api-doc.kingnetdc.com;
location / {
}
}
upstream chatmonitorstream {
server 192.168.90.24:9001;
}
map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
default upgrade;
'' close;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name chatmonitor.kingnetdc.com;
location /favicon.ico {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
location / {
rewrite ^/$ /main/index.html break;
rewrite ^/main$ /main/index.html break;
rewrite ^/main/$ /main/index.html break;
rewrite ^/management$ /management/index.html break;
rewrite ^/management/$ /management/index.html break;
proxy_pass http://chatmonitorstream;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
#proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;
proxy_connect_timeout 90;
proxy_send_timeout 90;
proxy_read_timeout 90;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
}
location /chatrealservice/ {
proxy_pass http://chatmonitorstream;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
}
}
}
动静分离:访问后缀为.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|js|css)文件时,加载/usr/share/nginx/html下文件,并在客户端进行缓存
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#server
location /shop/ {
proxy_pass http://XXX;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}
#static file
location ~ .*\.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|js|css)$ {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
#cache
expires 3d;
}
}
一致性Hash算法:(一般用于缓存服务器)
nginx借助第三方模块ngx_http_consistent_hash,通过一致性哈希算法来选择合适的后端节点
下载https://github.com/replay/ngx_http_consistent_hash
解压unzip ngx_http_consistent_hash-master.zip
进入nginx安装原始文件夹:./configure --add-module=/XXX/XXX/ngx_http_consistent_hash-master,添加模块
make
make install
配置实例:
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
upstream www.nbmp.cn {
consistent_hash $request_uri;
server 106.38.193.181:80;
server 106.38.193.182:80;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
proxy_pass http://www.nbmp.cn;
}
}
}
consistent_hash $remote_addr 可以根据客户端ip映射
consistent_hash $request_uri 根据客户端请求的uri映射
consistent_hash $args 根据客户端携带的参数进行映射