【Java8】超神的Stream，高效处理数据集合

Java8给我们推出了很多新的语法，它允许以声明性方式处理数据集合。正是由于Sream的出现，让我们，我们可以通过简洁的代码，告别了以往使用for循环处理数据集合的历史。

使用Stream两部曲

1. 把集合转换为stream
2. 操作stream流，stream流在管道中经过中间操作符的处理，最后由最终操作符得到一系列处理的结果

---

中间操作符

流方法	含义
filter	过滤出元素
distinct	返回一个无重复元素的流
limit	返回一个不限定长度的流
skip	截取索引为n到结束的流并返回
map	接受一个函数作为参数。这个函数会被应用到每个元素上，并将其映射成一个新的元素。
sorted	返回排序后的流

示例代码：

1）filter

List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("Hans", "Jim", "Hardy", "Andy", "Sherry", "", "Kate");
List<String> filtered = strings.stream().filter(string -> !string.isEmpty()).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("保留非空字符串：" + filtered);

[Hans, Jim, Hardy, Andy, Sherry, Kate]

2）distinct

List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("Hans", "Jim", "Hardy", "Andy", "Sherry", "Kate", "Jim", "Hans");
List<String> filtered = strings.stream().distinct().collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(filtered);

[Hans, Jim, Hardy, Andy, Sherry, Kate]

3）limit

List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("Hans", "Jim", "Hardy", "Andy", "Sherry", "Kate", "Jim", "Hans");
List<String> filtered = strings.stream().limit(4).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(filtered);

[Hans, Jim, Hardy, Andy]

4）skip

List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("Hans", "Jim", "Hardy", "Andy", "Sherry", "Kate", "Jim", "Hans");
List<String> filtered = strings.stream().skip(4).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(filtered);

[Sherry, Kate, Jim, Hans]

5）map

List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("Hans", "Jim", "Hardy", "Andy", "Sherry", "Kate", "Jim", "Hans");
List<String> strings2 = strings.stream().map(item -> item + " from China").collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(strings2);

[Hans from China, Jim from China, Hardy from China, Andy from China, Sherry from China, Kate from China, Jim from China, Hans from China]

6）sorted

List<Integer> strings = Arrays.asList(5, 9, 7, 9, 6);
List<Integer> strings2 = strings.stream().sorted().collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(strings2);

[5, 6, 7, 9, 9]

---

终止操作符

流方法	含义
anyMatch	检查是否有匹配元素，返回boolean
allMatch	检查是否匹配所有元素，返回boolean
noneMatch	检查是否没有匹配所有元素，返回boolean
findAny	将返回当前流中的任意元素
findFirst	返回当前流的第一个元素
forEach	遍历当前的流
collect	将流收集起来转换为其他形式
reduce	可以将流中元素反复结合起来，得到一个值
count	返回流中元素个数

示例代码

1）anyMatch

List<Integer> strings = Arrays.asList(5, 9, 7, 9, 6);
boolean result = strings.stream().anyMatch(item -> item == 9);
System.out.println(result);

2）allMatch

List<Integer> strings = Arrays.asList(5, 9, 7, 9, 6);
boolean result = strings.stream().allMatch(item -> item == 9);
System.out.println(result);

3）noneMatch

// 当期流中包含9，因此不是全部不满足，所以返回false
List<Integer> strings = Arrays.asList(5, 9, 7, 9, 6);
boolean result = strings.stream().noneMatch(item -> item == 9);
System.out.println(result);

// 当期流中不包含4，因此全部不满足，所以返回true
List<Integer> strings = Arrays.asList(5, 9, 7, 9, 6);
boolean result = strings.stream().noneMatch(item -> item == 4);
System.out.println(result);

4）findAny

List<Integer> strings = Arrays.asList(5, 9, 7, 9, 6);
Optional<Integer> result = strings.stream().findAny();
System.out.println(result.get());

5）findFirst

List<Integer> strings = Arrays.asList(4, 9, 7, 9, 6);
Optional<Integer> result = strings.stream().findFirst();
System.out.println(result.get());

6）forEach

List<Integer> strings = Arrays.asList(4, 9, 7, 9, 6);
strings.stream().forEach(s -> System.out.print(s + " "));

输出结果：

4 9 7 9 6 

7）collect

List<Integer> strings = Arrays.asList(4, 9, 7, 9, 6);
Set<Integer> set = strings.stream().collect(Collectors.toSet());
List<Integer> list = strings.stream().collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(set);
System.out.println(list);

8）reduce

List<Integer> strings = Arrays.asList(4, 9, 7, 9, 6);
//方法一
Optional<Integer> reduce1 = strings.stream().reduce((acc, item) -> {
    return acc + item;
});
System.out.println(reduce1);
//方法二，初始值为2
Integer reduce2 = strings.stream().reduce(2, (acc, item) -> {
    return acc + item;
});
System.out.println(reduce2);

输出如下：

Optional[35]
37

9）count

List<Integer> strings = Arrays.asList(4, 9, 7, 9, 6);
long result = strings.stream().count();
System.out.println(result);

当前流的长度为5，因此输出如下：

5