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前两篇文章
k8s中部署prometheus监控告警系统-prometheus系列文章第一篇
k8s中部署Grafana-prometheus系列文章第二篇
前言
本篇文章介绍k8s集群中部署prometheus、grafana、alertmanager，并且配置prometheus的动态、静态服务发现，实现对容器、物理节点、service、pod等资源指标监控，并在Grafana的web界面展示prometheus的监控指标，然后通过配置自定义告警规则，通过alertmanager实现qq、钉钉、微信报警，文章内容较多，大概1.5万以上字数，可以先关注和转发，在慢慢学习。
prometheus简介
Prometheus是一个开源的系统监控和报警系统，现在已经加入到CNCF基金会，成为继k8s之后第二个在CNCF托管的项目，在kubernetes容器管理系统中，通常会搭配prometheus进行监控，同时也支持多种exporter采集数据，还支持pushgateway进行数据上报，Prometheus性能足够支撑上万台规模的集群。
prometheus特点
1.多维度数据模型
时间序列数据由metrics名称和键值对来组成
可以对数据进行聚合，切割等操作
所有的metrics都可以设置任意的多维标签。
2.灵活的查询语言（PromQL）
可以对采集的metrics指标进行加法，乘法，连接等操作；
3.可以直接在本地部署，不依赖其他分布式存储；
4.通过基于HTTP的pull方式采集时序数据；
5.可以通过中间网关pushgateway的方式把时间序列数据推送到prometheus server端；
6.可通过服务发现或者静态配置来发现目标服务对象（targets）。
7.有多种可视化图像界面，如Grafana等。
8.高效的存储，每个采样数据占3.5 bytes左右，300万的时间序列，30s间隔，保留60天，消耗磁盘大概200G。
prometheus组件介绍
1.Prometheus Server: 用于收集和存储时间序列数据。
2.Client Library: 客户端库，检测应用程序代码，当Prometheus抓取实例的HTTP端点时，客户端库会将所有跟踪的metrics指标的当前状态发送到prometheus server端。3.Exporters: prometheus支持多种exporter，通过exporter可以采集metrics数据，然后发送到prometheus server端
4.Alertmanager: 从 Prometheus server 端接收到 alerts 后，会进行去重，分组，并路由到相应的接收方，发出报警，常见的接收方式有：电子邮件，微信，钉钉, slack等。
5.Grafana：监控仪表盘
6.pushgateway: 各个目标主机可上报数据到pushgatewy，然后prometheus server统一从pushgateway拉取数据。
prometheus架构图
从上图可发现，Prometheus整个生态圈组成主要包括prometheus server，Exporter，pushgateway，alertmanager，grafana，Web ui界面，Prometheus server由三个部分组成，Retrieval，Storage，PromQL
Retrieval负责在活跃的target主机上抓取监控指标数据
Storage存储主要是把采集到的数据存储到磁盘中
PromQL是Prometheus提供的查询语言模块。
prometheus工作流程：
1. Prometheus server可定期从活跃的（up）目标主机上（target）拉取监控指标数据，目标主机的监控数据可通过配置静态job或者服务发现的方式被prometheus server采集到，这种方式默认的pull方式拉取指标；也可通过pushgateway把采集的数据上报到prometheus server中；还可通过一些组件自带的exporter采集相应组件的数据；
2.Prometheus server把采集到的监控指标数据保存到本地磁盘或者数据库；
3.Prometheus采集的监控指标数据按时间序列存储，通过配置报警规则，把触发的报警发送到alertmanager
4.Alertmanager通过配置报警接收方，发送报警到邮件，微信或者钉钉等
5.Prometheus 自带的web ui界面提供PromQL查询语言，可查询监控数据
6.Grafana可接入prometheus数据源，把监控数据以图形化形式展示出
安装node-exporter组件
机器规划：
我的实验环境使用的k8s集群是一个master节点和一个node节点
master节点的机器ip是192.168.0.6，主机名是master1
node节点的机器ip是192.168.0.56，主机名是node1
master高可用集群安装可参考如下文章：
k8s1.18多master节点高可用集群安装-超详细中文官方文档
node-exporter是什么？
采集机器（物理机、虚拟机、云主机等）的监控指标数据，能够采集到的指标包括CPU, 内存，磁盘，网络，文件数等信息。
安装node-exporter组件，在k8s集群的master1节点操作
cat >node-export.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: node-exporter
namespace: monitor-sa
labels:
name: node-exporter
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
name: node-exporter
template:
metadata:
labels:
name: node-exporter
spec:
hostPID: true
hostIPC: true
hostNetwork: true
containers:
- name: node-exporter
image: prom/node-exporter:v0.16.0
ports:
- containerPort: 9100
resources:
requests:
cpu: 0.15
securityContext:
privileged: true
args:
- --path.procfs
- /host/proc
- --path.sysfs
- /host/sys
- --collector.filesystem.ignored-mount-points
- '"^/(sys|proc|dev|host|etc)($|/)"'
volumeMounts:
- name: dev
mountPath: /host/dev
- name: proc
mountPath: /host/proc
- name: sys
mountPath: /host/sys
- name: rootfs
mountPath: /rootfs
tolerations:
- key: "node-role.kubernetes.io/master"
operator: "Exists"
effect: "NoSchedule"
volumes:
- name: proc
hostPath:
path: /proc
- name: dev
hostPath:
path: /dev
- name: sys
hostPath:
path: /sys
- name: rootfs
hostPath:
path: /
EOF
#通过kubectl apply更新node-exporter
kubectl apply -f node-export.yaml
#查看node-exporter是否部署成功
kubectl get pods -n monitor-sa
显示如下，看到pod的状态都是running，说明部署成功
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
node-exporter-9qpkd 1/1 Running 0 89s
node-exporter-zqmnk 1/1 Running 0 89s
通过node-exporter采集数据
curl http://主机ip:9100/metrics
#node-export默认的监听端口是9100，可以看到当前主机获取到的所有监控数据，截取一部分，如下
# HELP node_cpu_seconds_total Seconds the cpus spent in each mode.
# TYPE node_cpu_seconds_total counter
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="idle"} 56136.98
# HELP node_load1 1m load average.
# TYPE node_load1 gauge
node_load1 0.58
#HELP：解释当前指标的含义，上面表示在每种模式下node节点的cpu花费的时间，以s为单位
#TYPE：说明当前指标的数据类型，上面是counter类型
node_load1该指标反映了当前主机在最近一分钟以内的负载情况，系统的负载情况会随系统资源的使用而变化，因此node_load1反映的是当前状态，数据可能增加也可能减少，从注释中可以看出当前指标类型为gauge（标准尺寸）
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="idle"} ：
cpu0上idle进程占用CPU的总时间，CPU占用时间是一个只增不减的度量指标，从类型中也可以看出node_cpu的数据类型是counter（计数器）
counter计数器：只是采集递增的指标
gauge标准尺寸：统计的指标可增加可减少
k8s集群中部署prometheus
1.创建namespace、sa账号，在k8s集群的master节点操作
#创建一个monitor-sa的名称空间
kubectl create ns monitor-sa
#创建一个sa账号
kubectl create serviceaccount monitor -n monitor-sa
#把sa账号monitor通过clusterrolebing绑定到clusterrole上
kubectl create clusterrolebinding monitor-clusterrolebinding -n monitor-sa --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=monitor-sa:monitor
2.创建数据目录
#在k8s集群的任何一个node节点操作，因为我的k8s集群只有一个node节点node1，所以我在node1上操作如下命令：
mkdir /data
chmod 777 /data/
3.安装prometheus，以下步骤均在在k8s集群的master1节点操作
1）创建一个configmap存储卷，用来存放prometheus配置信息
cat >prometheus-cfg.yaml <<EOF
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
app: prometheus
name: prometheus-config
namespace: monitor-sa
data:
prometheus.yml: |
global:
scrape_interval: 15s
scrape_timeout: 10s
evaluation_interval: 1m
scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'kubernetes-node'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__address__]
regex: '(.*):10250'
replacement: '${1}:9100'
target_label: __address__
action: replace
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- job_name: 'kubernetes-node-cadvisor'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- target_label: __address__
replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
regex: (.+)
target_label: __metrics_path__
replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
- job_name: 'kubernetes-apiserver'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: default;kubernetes;https
- job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
action: keep
regex: true
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
action: replace
target_label: __scheme__
regex: (https?)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
action: replace
target_label: __metrics_path__
regex: (.+)
- source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
action: replace
target_label: __address__
regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_name
EOF
注意：通过上面命令生成的promtheus-cfg.yaml文件会有一些问题，$1和$2这种变量在文件里没有，需要在k8s的master1节点打开promtheus-cfg.yaml文件，手动把$1和$2这种变量写进文件里，promtheus-cfg.yaml文件需要手动修改部分如下：
22行的replacement: ':9100'变成replacement: '${1}:9100'
42行的replacement: /api/v1/nodes//proxy/metrics/cadvisor变成
replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
73行的replacement: 变成replacement: $1:$2
#通过kubectl apply更新configmap
kubectl apply -f prometheus-cfg.yaml
2）通过deployment部署prometheus
cat >prometheus-deploy.yaml <<EOF
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: prometheus-server
namespace: monitor-sa
labels:
app: prometheus
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: prometheus
component: server
#matchExpressions:
#- {key: app, operator: In, values: [prometheus]}
#- {key: component, operator: In, values: [server]}
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: prometheus
component: server
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'false'
spec:
nodeName: node1
serviceAccountName: monitor
containers:
- name: prometheus
image: prom/prometheus:v2.2.1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
command:
- prometheus
- --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
- --storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus
- --storage.tsdb.retention=720h
ports:
- containerPort: 9090
protocol: TCP
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
name: prometheus-config
subPath: prometheus.yml
- mountPath: /prometheus/
name: prometheus-storage-volume
volumes:
- name: prometheus-config
configMap:
name: prometheus-config
items:
- key: prometheus.yml
path: prometheus.yml
mode: 0644
- name: prometheus-storage-volume
hostPath:
path: /data
type: Directory
EOF
注意：在上面的prometheus-deploy.yaml文件有个nodeName字段，这个就是用来指定创建的这个prometheus的pod调度到哪个节点上，我们这里让nodeName=node1，也即是让pod调度到node1节点上，因为node1节点我们创建了数据目录/data，所以大家记住：你在k8s集群的哪个节点创建/data，就让pod调度到哪个节点。
#通过kubectl apply更新prometheus
kubectl apply -f prometheus-deploy.yaml
#查看prometheus是否部署成功
kubectl get pods -n monitor-sa
显示如下，可看到pod状态是running，说明prometheus部署成功
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
node-exporter-9qpkd 1/1 Running 0 76m
node-exporter-zqmnk 1/1 Running 0 76m
prometheus-server-85dbc6c7f7-nsg94 1/1 Running 0 6m7
3）给prometheus pod创建一个service
cat > prometheus-svc.yaml << EOF
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: prometheus
namespace: monitor-sa
labels:
app: prometheus
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 9090
targetPort: 9090
protocol: TCP
selector:
app: prometheus
component: server
EOF
#通过kubectl apply 更新service
kubectl apply -f prometheus-svc.yaml
#查看service在物理机映射的端口
kubectl get svc -n monitor-sa
显示如下：
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
prometheus NodePort 10.96.45.93 <none> 9090:31043/TCP 50s
通过上面可以看到service在宿主机上映射的端口是31043，这样我们访问k8s集群的master1节点的ip:31043，就可以访问到prometheus的web ui界面了
#访问prometheus web ui界面
火狐浏览器输入如下地址：
http://192.168.0.6:31043/graph
可看到如下页面：
#点击页面的Status->Targets，可看到如下,说明我们配置的服务发现可以正常采集数据
prometheus热更新
#为了每次修改配置文件可以热加载prometheus，也就是不停止prometheus，就可以使配置生效，如修改prometheus-cfg.yaml，想要使配置生效可用如下热加载命令：
curl -X POST http://10.244.1.66:9090/-/reload
#10.244.1.66是prometheus的pod的ip地址，如何查看prometheus的pod ip，可用如下命令：
kubectl get pods -n monitor-sa -o wide | grep prometheus
显示如下， 10.244.1.7就是prometheus的ip
prometheus-server-85dbc6c7f7-nsg94 1/1 Running 0 29m 10.244.1.7 node1 <none> <none>
#热加载速度比较慢，可以暴力重启prometheus，如修改上面的prometheus-cfg.yaml文件之后，可执行如下强制删除：
kubectl delete -f prometheus-cfg.yaml
kubectl delete -f prometheus-deploy.yaml
然后再通过apply更新：
kubectl apply -f prometheus-cfg.yaml
kubectl apply -f prometheus-deploy.yaml
注意：
线上最好热加载，暴力删除可能造成监控数据的丢失
Grafana安装和配置
下载安装Grafana需要的镜像
上传heapster-grafana-amd64_v5_0_4.tar.gz镜像到k8s的各个master节点和k8s的各个node节点，然后在各个节点手动解压：
docker load -i heapster-grafana-amd64_v5_0_4.tar.gz
镜像所在的百度网盘地址如下：
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1TmVGKxde_cEYrbjiETboEA
提取码：052u
在k8s的master1节点创建grafana.yaml
cat >grafana.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: monitoring-grafana
namespace: kube-system
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
task: monitoring
k8s-app: grafana
template:
metadata:
labels:
task: monitoring
k8s-app: grafana
spec:
containers:
- name: grafana
image: k8s.gcr.io/heapster-grafana-amd64:v5.0.4
ports:
- containerPort: 3000
protocol: TCP
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /etc/ssl/certs
name: ca-certificates
readOnly: true
- mountPath: /var
name: grafana-storage
env:
- name: INFLUXDB_HOST
value: monitoring-influxdb
- name: GF_SERVER_HTTP_PORT
value: "3000"
# The following env variables are required to make Grafana accessible via
# the kubernetes api-server proxy. On production clusters, we recommend
# removing these env variables, setup auth for grafana, and expose the grafana
# service using a LoadBalancer or a public IP.
- name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
value: "false"
- name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
value: "true"
- name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
value: Admin
- name: GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL
# If you're only using the API Server proxy, set this value instead:
# value: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana/proxy
value: /
volumes:
- name: ca-certificates
hostPath:
path: /etc/ssl/certs
- name: grafana-storage
emptyDir: {}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
# For use as a Cluster add-on (https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons)
# If you are NOT using this as an addon, you should comment out this line.
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: 'true'
kubernetes.io/name: monitoring-grafana
name: monitoring-grafana
namespace: kube-system
spec:
# In a production setup, we recommend accessing Grafana through an external Loadbalancer
# or through a public IP.
# type: LoadBalancer
# You could also use NodePort to expose the service at a randomly-generated port
# type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 80
targetPort: 3000
selector:
k8s-app: grafana
type: NodePort
EOF
通过kubectl apply 更新grafana
kubectl apply -f grafana.yaml
查看grafana是否部署成功
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
显示如下，说明部署成功
monitoring-grafana-7d7f6cf5c6-vrxw9 1/1 Running 0 3h51m
查看grafana的service
kubectl get svc -n kube-system
显示如下：
monitoring-grafana NodePort 10.111.173.47 <none> 80:31044/TCP 3h54m
上面可以看到grafana暴露的宿主机端口是31044
我们访问k8s集群的master节点ip:31044即可访问到grafana的web界面
Grafan界面接入prometheus数据源
1）登陆grafana，在浏览器访问
192.168.0.6:31044
账号密码都是admin
可看到如下界面：
2）配置grafana界面：
开始配置grafana的web界面：
选择Create your first data source
出现如下
Name: Prometheus
Type: Prometheus
HTTP 处的URL写 如下：
http://prometheus.monitor-sa.svc:9090
配置好的整体页面如下：
点击左下角Save & Test，出现如下Data source is working，说明prometheus数据源成功的被grafana接入了
导入监控模板，可在如下链接搜索
https://grafana.com/dashboards?dataSource=prometheus&search=kubernetes
也可直接导入node_exporter.json监控模板，这个可以把node节点指标显示出来
node_exporter.json在百度网盘地址如下：
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1vF1kAMRbxQkUGPlZt91MWg
提取码：kyd6
还可直接导入docker_rev1.json，可以把容器相关的数据展示出来
docker_rev1.json在百度网盘地址如下：
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/17o_nja5N2R-g9g5PkJ3aFA
提取码：vinv
怎么导入监控模板，按如下步骤
上面Save & Test测试没问题之后，就可以返回Grafana主页面
点击左侧+号下面的Import，出现如下界面
选择Upload json file，出现如下
选择一个本地的json文件，我们选择的是上面让大家下载的node_exporter.json这个文件，选择之后出现如下
注：箭头标注的地方Name后面的名字是node_exporter.json定义的
Prometheus后面需要变成Prometheus，然后再点击Import，就可以出现如下界面：
导入docker_rev1.json监控模板，步骤和上面导入node_exporter.json步骤一样，导入之后显示如下：
安装配置kube-state-metrics组件
kube-state-metrics是什么？
kube-state-metrics通过监听API Server生成有关资源对象的状态指标，比如Deployment、Node、Pod，需要注意的是kube-state-metrics只是简单的提供一个metrics数据，并不会存储这些指标数据，所以我们可以使用Prometheus来抓取这些数据然后存储，主要关注的是业务相关的一些元数据，比如Deployment、Pod、副本状态等；调度了多少个replicas？现在可用的有几个？多少个Pod是running/stopped/terminated状态？Pod重启了多少次？我有多少job在运行中。
安装kube-state-metrics组件
1）创建sa，并对sa授权
在k8s的master1节点生成一个kube-state-metrics-rbac.yaml文件
cat > kube-state-metrics-rbac.yaml <<EOF
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["nodes", "pods", "services", "resourcequotas", "replicationcontrollers", "limitranges", "persistentvolumeclaims", "persistentvolumes", "namespaces", "endpoints"]
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
resources: ["daemonsets", "deployments", "replicasets"]
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["apps"]
resources: ["statefulsets"]
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["batch"]
resources: ["cronjobs", "jobs"]
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["autoscaling"]
resources: ["horizontalpodautoscalers"]
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: kube-state-metrics
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: kube-system
EOF
通过kubectl apply更新yaml文件
kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-rbac.yaml
2)安装kube-state-metrics组件
在k8s的master1节点生成一个kube-state-metrics-deploy.yaml文件
cat > kube-state-metrics-deploy.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: kube-system
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: kube-state-metrics
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: kube-state-metrics
spec:
serviceAccountName: kube-state-metrics
containers:
- name: kube-state-metrics
# image: gcr.io/google_containers/kube-state-metrics-amd64:v1.3.1
image: quay.io/coreos/kube-state-metrics:v1.9.0
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
EOF
通过kubectl apply更新yaml文件
kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-deploy.yaml
查看kube-state-metrics是否部署成功
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
显示如下，看到pod处于running状态，说明部署成功
kube-state-metrics-79c9686b96-4njrs 1/1 Running 0 76s
3）创建service
在8s的master1节点生成一个kube-state-metrics-svc.yaml文件
cat >kube-state-metrics-svc.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: kube-system
labels:
app: kube-state-metrics
spec:
ports:
- name: kube-state-metrics
port: 8080
protocol: TCP
selector:
app: kube-state-metrics
EOF
通过kubectl apply更新yaml
kubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-svc.yaml
查看service是否创建成功
kubectl get svc -n kube-system | grep kube-state-metrics
显示如下，说明创建成功
kube-state-metrics ClusterIP 10.105.53.102 <none> 8080/TCP 2m38s
在grafana web界面导入Kubernetes Cluster (Prometheus)-1577674936972.json，出现如下页面
在grafana web界面导入Kubernetes cluster monitoring (via Prometheus) (k8s 1.16)-1577691996738.json，出现如下页面
Kubernetes Cluster (Prometheus)-1577674936972.json和Kubernetes cluster monitoring (via Prometheus) (k8s 1.16)-1577691996738.json文件在百度网盘，地址如下：
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1QAMqT8scsXx-lzEPI6MPgA
提取码：i4yd
安装和配置Alertmanager-发送报警到qq邮箱
在k8s的master1节点创建alertmanager-cm.yaml文件
cat >alertmanager-cm.yaml <<EOF
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: alertmanager
namespace: monitor-sa
data:
alertmanager.yml: |-
global:
resolve_timeout: 1m
smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.163.com:25'
smtp_from: '15011572657@163.com'
smtp_auth_username: '15011572657'
smtp_auth_password: 'BDBPRMLNZGKWRFJP'
smtp_require_tls: false
route:
group_by: [alertname]
group_wait: 10s
group_interval: 10s
repeat_interval: 10m
receiver: default-receiver
receivers:
- name: 'default-receiver'
email_configs:
- to: '1980570647@qq.com'
send_resolved: true
EOF
通过kubectl apply 更新文件
kubectl apply -f alertmanager-cm.yaml
alertmanager配置文件解释说明：
smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.163.com:25'
#用于发送邮件的邮箱的SMTP服务器地址+端口
smtp_from: '15011572657@163.com'
#这是指定从哪个邮箱发送报警
smtp_auth_username: '15011572657'
#这是发送邮箱的认证用户，不是邮箱名
smtp_auth_password: 'BDBPRMLNZGKWRFJP'
#这是发送邮箱的授权码而不是登录密码
email_configs:
- to: '1980570647@qq.com'
#to后面指定发送到哪个邮箱，我发送到我的qq邮箱，大家需要写自己的邮箱地址，不应该跟smtp_from的邮箱名字重复
在k8s的master1节点重新生成一个prometheus-cfg.yaml文件
cat prometheus-cfg.yaml
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
app: prometheus
name: prometheus-config
namespace: monitor-sa
data:
prometheus.yml: |
rule_files:
- /etc/prometheus/rules.yml
alerting:
alertmanagers:
- static_configs:
- targets: ["localhost:9093"]
global:
scrape_interval: 15s
scrape_timeout: 10s
evaluation_interval: 1m
scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'kubernetes-node'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__address__]
regex: '(.*):10250'
replacement: '${1}:9100'
target_label: __address__
action: replace
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- job_name: 'kubernetes-node-cadvisor'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- target_label: __address__
replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
regex: (.+)
target_label: __metrics_path__
replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
- job_name: 'kubernetes-apiserver'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: default;kubernetes;https
- job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
action: keep
regex: true
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
action: replace
target_label: __scheme__
regex: (https?)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
action: replace
target_label: __metrics_path__
regex: (.+)
- source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
action: replace
target_label: __address__
regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_name
- job_name: kubernetes-pods
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: pod
relabel_configs:
- action: keep
regex: true
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape
- action: replace
regex: (.+)
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path
target_label: __metrics_path__
- action: replace
regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
source_labels:
- __address__
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port
target_label: __address__
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_name
target_label: kubernetes_pod_name
- job_name: 'kubernetes-schedule'
scrape_interval: 5s
static_configs:
- targets: ['192.168.0.6:10251']
- job_name: 'kubernetes-controller-manager'
scrape_interval: 5s
static_configs:
- targets: ['192.168.0.6:10252']
- job_name: 'kubernetes-kube-proxy'
scrape_interval: 5s
static_configs:
- targets: ['192.168.0.6:10249','192.168.0.56:10249']
- job_name: 'kubernetes-etcd'
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/k8s-certs/etcd/ca.crt
cert_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/k8s-certs/etcd/server.crt
key_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/k8s-certs/etcd/server.key
scrape_interval: 5s
static_configs:
- targets: ['192.168.0.6:2379']
rules.yml: |
groups:
- name: example
rules:
- alert: kube-proxy的cpu使用率大于80%
expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-kube-proxy"}[1m]) * 100 > 80
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warnning
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过80%"
- alert: kube-proxy的cpu使用率大于90%
expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-kube-proxy"}[1m]) * 100 > 90
for: 2s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过90%"
- alert: scheduler的cpu使用率大于80%
expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-schedule"}[1m]) * 100 > 80
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warnning
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过80%"
- alert: scheduler的cpu使用率大于90%
expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-schedule"}[1m]) * 100 > 90
for: 2s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过90%"
- alert: controller-manager的cpu使用率大于80%
expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-controller-manager"}[1m]) * 100 > 80
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warnning
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过80%"
- alert: controller-manager的cpu使用率大于90%
expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-controller-manager"}[1m]) * 100 > 0
for: 2s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过90%"
- alert: apiserver的cpu使用率大于80%
expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-apiserver"}[1m]) * 100 > 80
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warnning
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过80%"
- alert: apiserver的cpu使用率大于90%
expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-apiserver"}[1m]) * 100 > 90
for: 2s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过90%"
- alert: etcd的cpu使用率大于80%
expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-etcd"}[1m]) * 100 > 80
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warnning
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过80%"
- alert: etcd的cpu使用率大于90%
expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{job=~"kubernetes-etcd"}[1m]) * 100 > 90
for: 2s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}组件的cpu使用率超过90%"
- alert: kube-state-metrics的cpu使用率大于80%
expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{k8s_app=~"kube-state-metrics"}[1m]) * 100 > 80
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warnning
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.k8s_app}}组件的cpu使用率超过80%"
value: "{{ $value }}%"
threshold: "80%"
- alert: kube-state-metrics的cpu使用率大于90%
expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{k8s_app=~"kube-state-metrics"}[1m]) * 100 > 0
for: 2s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.k8s_app}}组件的cpu使用率超过90%"
value: "{{ $value }}%"
threshold: "90%"
- alert: coredns的cpu使用率大于80%
expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{k8s_app=~"kube-dns"}[1m]) * 100 > 80
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warnning
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.k8s_app}}组件的cpu使用率超过80%"
value: "{{ $value }}%"
threshold: "80%"
- alert: coredns的cpu使用率大于90%
expr: rate(process_cpu_seconds_total{k8s_app=~"kube-dns"}[1m]) * 100 > 90
for: 2s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.k8s_app}}组件的cpu使用率超过90%"
value: "{{ $value }}%"
threshold: "90%"
- alert: kube-proxy打开句柄数>600
expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-kube-proxy"} > 600
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warnning
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>600"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: kube-proxy打开句柄数>1000
expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-kube-proxy"} > 1000
for: 2s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>1000"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: kubernetes-schedule打开句柄数>600
expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-schedule"} > 600
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warnning
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>600"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: kubernetes-schedule打开句柄数>1000
expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-schedule"} > 1000
for: 2s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>1000"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: kubernetes-controller-manager打开句柄数>600
expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-controller-manager"} > 600
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warnning
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>600"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: kubernetes-controller-manager打开句柄数>1000
expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-controller-manager"} > 1000
for: 2s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>1000"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: kubernetes-apiserver打开句柄数>600
expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-apiserver"} > 600
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warnning
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>600"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: kubernetes-apiserver打开句柄数>1000
expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-apiserver"} > 1000
for: 2s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>1000"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: kubernetes-etcd打开句柄数>600
expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-etcd"} > 600
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warnning
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>600"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: kubernetes-etcd打开句柄数>1000
expr: process_open_fds{job=~"kubernetes-etcd"} > 1000
for: 2s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
description: "{{$labels.instance}}的{{$labels.job}}打开句柄数>1000"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: coredns
expr: process_open_fds{k8s_app=~"kube-dns"} > 600
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warnning
annotations:
description: "插件{{$labels.k8s_app}}({{$labels.instance}}): 打开句柄数超过600"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: coredns
expr: process_open_fds{k8s_app=~"kube-dns"} > 1000
for: 2s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
description: "插件{{$labels.k8s_app}}({{$labels.instance}}): 打开句柄数超过1000"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: kube-proxy
expr: process_virtual_memory_bytes{job=~"kubernetes-kube-proxy"} > 2000000000
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warnning
annotations:
description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 使用虚拟内存超过2G"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: scheduler
expr: process_virtual_memory_bytes{job=~"kubernetes-schedule"} > 2000000000
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warnning
annotations:
description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 使用虚拟内存超过2G"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: kubernetes-controller-manager
expr: process_virtual_memory_bytes{job=~"kubernetes-controller-manager"} > 2000000000
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warnning
annotations:
description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 使用虚拟内存超过2G"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: kubernetes-apiserver
expr: process_virtual_memory_bytes{job=~"kubernetes-apiserver"} > 2000000000
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warnning
annotations:
description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 使用虚拟内存超过2G"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: kubernetes-etcd
expr: process_virtual_memory_bytes{job=~"kubernetes-etcd"} > 2000000000
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warnning
annotations:
description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 使用虚拟内存超过2G"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: kube-dns
expr: process_virtual_memory_bytes{k8s_app=~"kube-dns"} > 2000000000
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warnning
annotations:
description: "插件{{$labels.k8s_app}}({{$labels.instance}}): 使用虚拟内存超过2G"
value: "{{ $value }}"
- alert: HttpRequestsAvg
expr: sum(rate(rest_client_requests_total{job=~"kubernetes-kube-proxy|kubernetes-kubelet|kubernetes-schedule|kubernetes-control-manager|kubernetes-apiservers"}[1m])) > 1000
for: 2s
labels:
team: admin
annotations:
description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): TPS超过1000"
value: "{{ $value }}"
threshold: "1000"
- alert: Pod_restarts
expr: kube_pod_container_status_restarts_total{namespace=~"kube-system|default|monitor-sa"} > 0
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warnning
annotations:
description: "在{{$labels.namespace}}名称空间下发现{{$labels.pod}}这个pod下的容器{{$labels.container}}被重启,这个监控指标是由{{$labels.instance}}采集的"
value: "{{ $value }}"
threshold: "0"
- alert: Pod_waiting
expr: kube_pod_container_status_waiting_reason{namespace=~"kube-system|default"} == 1
for: 2s
labels:
team: admin
annotations:
description: "空间{{$labels.namespace}}({{$labels.instance}}): 发现{{$labels.pod}}下的{{$labels.container}}启动异常等待中"
value: "{{ $value }}"
threshold: "1"
- alert: Pod_terminated
expr: kube_pod_container_status_terminated_reason{namespace=~"kube-system|default|monitor-sa"} == 1
for: 2s
labels:
team: admin
annotations:
description: "空间{{$labels.namespace}}({{$labels.instance}}): 发现{{$labels.pod}}下的{{$labels.container}}被删除"
value: "{{ $value }}"
threshold: "1"
- alert: Etcd_leader
expr: etcd_server_has_leader{job="kubernetes-etcd"} == 0
for: 2s
labels:
team: admin
annotations:
description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 当前没有leader"
value: "{{ $value }}"
threshold: "0"
- alert: Etcd_leader_changes
expr: rate(etcd_server_leader_changes_seen_total{job="kubernetes-etcd"}[1m]) > 0
for: 2s
labels:
team: admin
annotations:
description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 当前leader已发生改变"
value: "{{ $value }}"
threshold: "0"
- alert: Etcd_failed
expr: rate(etcd_server_proposals_failed_total{job="kubernetes-etcd"}[1m]) > 0
for: 2s
labels:
team: admin
annotations:
description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}}): 服务失败"
value: "{{ $value }}"
threshold: "0"
- alert: Etcd_db_total_size
expr: etcd_debugging_mvcc_db_total_size_in_bytes{job="kubernetes-etcd"} > 10000000000
for: 2s
labels:
team: admin
annotations:
description: "组件{{$labels.job}}({{$labels.instance}})：db空间超过10G"
value: "{{ $value }}"
threshold: "10G"
- alert: Endpoint_ready
expr: kube_endpoint_address_not_ready{namespace=~"kube-system|default"} == 1
for: 2s
labels:
team: admin
annotations:
description: "空间{{$labels.namespace}}({{$labels.instance}}): 发现{{$labels.endpoint}}不可用"
value: "{{ $value }}"
threshold: "1"
- name: 物理节点状态-监控告警
rules:
- alert: 物理节点cpu使用率
expr: 100-avg(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) by(instance)*100 > 90
for: 2s
labels:
severity: ccritical
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }}cpu使用率过高"
description: "{{ $labels.instance }}的cpu使用率超过90%,当前使用率[{{ $value }}],需要排查处理"
- alert: 物理节点内存使用率
expr: (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes - (node_memory_MemFree_bytes + node_memory_Buffers_bytes + node_memory_Cached_bytes)) / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes * 100 > 90
for: 2s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }}内存使用率过高"
description: "{{ $labels.instance }}的内存使用率超过90%,当前使用率[{{ $value }}],需要排查处理"
- alert: InstanceDown
expr: up == 0
for: 2s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }}: 服务器宕机"
description: "{{ $labels.instance }}: 服务器延时超过2分钟"
- alert: 物理节点磁盘的IO性能
expr: 100-(avg(irate(node_disk_io_time_seconds_total[1m])) by(instance)* 100) < 60
for: 2s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} 流入磁盘IO使用率过高！"
description: "{{$labels.mountpoint }} 流入磁盘IO大于60%(目前使用:{{$value}})"
- alert: 入网流量带宽
expr: ((sum(rate (node_network_receive_bytes_total{device!~'tap.*|veth.*|br.*|docker.*|virbr*|lo*'}[5m])) by (instance)) / 100) > 102400
for: 2s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} 流入网络带宽过高！"
description: "{{$labels.mountpoint }}流入网络带宽持续5分钟高于100M. RX带宽使用率{{$value}}"
- alert: 出网流量带宽
expr: ((sum(rate (node_network_transmit_bytes_total{device!~'tap.*|veth.*|br.*|docker.*|virbr*|lo*'}[5m])) by (instance)) / 100) > 102400
for: 2s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} 流出网络带宽过高！"
description: "{{$labels.mountpoint }}流出网络带宽持续5分钟高于100M. RX带宽使用率{{$value}}"
- alert: TCP会话
expr: node_netstat_Tcp_CurrEstab > 1000
for: 2s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} TCP_ESTABLISHED过高！"
description: "{{$labels.mountpoint }} TCP_ESTABLISHED大于1000%(目前使用:{{$value}}%)"
- alert: 磁盘容量
expr: 100-(node_filesystem_free_bytes{fstype=~"ext4|xfs"}/node_filesystem_size_bytes {fstype=~"ext4|xfs"}*100) > 80
for: 2s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} 磁盘分区使用率过高！"
description: "{{$labels.mountpoint }} 磁盘分区使用大于80%(目前使用:{{$value}}%)"
注意：通过上面命令生成的promtheus-cfg.yaml文件会有一些问题，$1和$2这种变量在文件里没有，需要在k8s的master1节点打开promtheus-cfg.yaml文件，手动把$1和$2这种变量写进文件里，promtheus-cfg.yaml文件需要手动修改部分如下：
22行的replacement: ':9100'变成replacement: '${1}:9100'
42行的replacement: /api/v1/nodes//proxy/metrics/cadvisor变成
replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
73行的replacement: 变成replacement: $1:$2
103行的replacement: 变成replacement: $1:$2
通过kubectl apply 更新文件
kubectl apply -f prometheus-cfg.yaml
在k8s的master1节点重新生成一个prometheus-deploy.yaml文件
cat >prometheus-deploy.yaml <<EOF
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: prometheus-server
namespace: monitor-sa
labels:
app: prometheus
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: prometheus
component: server
#matchExpressions:
#- {key: app, operator: In, values: [prometheus]}
#- {key: component, operator: In, values: [server]}
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: prometheus
component: server
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'false'
spec:
nodeName: node1
serviceAccountName: monitor
containers:
- name: prometheus
image: prom/prometheus:v2.2.1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
command:
- "/bin/prometheus"
args:
- "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
- "--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus"
- "--storage.tsdb.retention=24h"
- "--web.enable-lifecycle"
ports:
- containerPort: 9090
protocol: TCP
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /etc/prometheus
name: prometheus-config
- mountPath: /prometheus/
name: prometheus-storage-volume
- name: k8s-certs
mountPath: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/k8s-certs/etcd/
- name: alertmanager
image: prom/alertmanager:v0.14.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
args:
- "--config.file=/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml"
- "--log.level=debug"
ports:
- containerPort: 9093
protocol: TCP
name: alertmanager
volumeMounts:
- name: alertmanager-config
mountPath: /etc/alertmanager
- name: alertmanager-storage
mountPath: /alertmanager
- name: localtime
mountPath: /etc/localtime
volumes:
- name: prometheus-config
configMap:
name: prometheus-config
- name: prometheus-storage-volume
hostPath:
path: /data
type: Directory
- name: k8s-certs
secret:
secretName: etcd-certs
- name: alertmanager-config
configMap:
name: alertmanager
- name: alertmanager-storage
hostPath:
path: /data/alertmanager
type: DirectoryOrCreate
- name: localtime
hostPath:
path: /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai
EOF
生成一个etcd-certs，这个在部署prometheus需要
kubectl -n monitor-sa create secret generic etcd-certs --from-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key --from-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt --from-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt
通过kubectl apply更新yaml文件
kubectl apply -f prometheus-deploy.yaml
#查看prometheus是否部署成功
kubectl get pods -n monitor-sa | grep prometheus
显示如下，可看到pod状态是running，说明prometheus部署成功
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
prometheus-server-85dbc6c7f7-nsg94 1/1 Running 0 6m7
在k8s的master1节点重新生成一个alertmanager-svc.yaml文件
cat >alertmanager-svc.yaml <<EOF
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
name: prometheus
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: 'true'
name: alertmanager
namespace: monitor-sa
spec:
ports:
- name: alertmanager
nodePort: 30066
port: 9093
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 9093
selector:
app: prometheus
sessionAffinity: None
type: NodePort
EOF
通过kubectl apply更新yaml文件
kubectl apply -f prometheus-svc.yaml
#查看service在物理机映射的端口
kubectl get svc -n monitor-sa
显示如下：
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
alertmanager NodePort 10.111.49.65 <none> 9093:31043/TCP 25s
prometheus NodePort 10.96.45.93 <none> 9090:30090/TCP 34h
注意：上面可以看到prometheus的service暴漏的端口是31043，alertmanager的service暴露的端口是30066
访问prometheus的web界面
点击status->targets，可看到如下
点击Alerts，可看到如下
把controller-manager的cpu使用率大于90%展开，可看到如下
FIRING表示prometheus已经将告警发给alertmanager，在Alertmanager 中可以看到有一个 alert。
登录到alertmanager web界面
浏览器输入192.168.0.6:30066，显示如下
这样我在我的qq邮箱，1980570647@qq.com就可以收到报警了，如下
配置Alertmanager报警-发送报警到钉钉
打开电脑版钉钉创建机器人
1.创建钉钉机器人
打开电脑版钉钉，创建一个群，创建自定义机器人，按如下步骤创建
https://ding-doc.dingtalk.com/doc#/serverapi2/qf2nxq
我创建的机器人如下：
群设置-->智能群助手-->添加机器人-->自定义-->添加
机器人名称：kube-event
接收群组：钉钉报警测试
安全设置：
自定义关键词：cluster1
上面配置好之后点击完成即可，这样就会创建一个kube-event的报警机器人，创建机器人成功之后怎么查看webhook，按如下：
点击智能群助手，可以看到刚才创建的kube-event这个机器人，点击kube-event，就会进入到kube-event机器人的设置界面
出现如下内容：
机器人名称：kube-event
接受群组：钉钉报警测试
消息推送：开启
webhook：https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=9c03ff1f47b1d15a10d852398cafb84f8e81ceeb1ba557eddd8a79e5a5e5548e
安全设置：
自定义关键词：cluster1
2.安装钉钉的webhook插件，在k8s的master1节点操作
tar zxvf prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-0.3.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-0.3.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz压缩包所在的百度网盘地址如下：
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1_HtVZsItq2KsYvOlkIP9DQ
提取码：d59o
cd prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-0.3.0.linux-amd64
启动钉钉报警插件
nohup ./prometheus-webhook-dingtalk --web.listen-address="0.0.0.0:8060" --ding.profile="cluster1=https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=9c03ff1f47b1d15a10d852398cafb84f8e81ceeb1ba557eddd8a79e5a5e5548e" &
对原来的文件做备份
cp alertmanager-cm.yaml alertmanager-cm.yaml.bak
重新生成一个新的alertmanager-cm.yaml文件
cat >alertmanager-cm.yaml <<EOF
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: alertmanager
namespace: monitor-sa
data:
alertmanager.yml: |-
global:
resolve_timeout: 1m
smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.163.com:25'
smtp_from: '15011572657@163.com'
smtp_auth_username: '15011572657'
smtp_auth_password: 'BDBPRMLNZGKWRFJP'
smtp_require_tls: false
route:
group_by: [alertname]
group_wait: 10s
group_interval: 10s
repeat_interval: 10m
receiver: cluster1
receivers:
- name: cluster1
webhook_configs:
- url: 'http://192.168.124.16:8060/dingtalk/cluster1/send'
send_resolved: true
EOF
通过kubectl apply使配置生效
kubectl delete -f alertmanager-cm.yaml
kubectl apply -f alertmanager-cm.yaml
kubectl delete -f prometheus-cfg.yaml
kubectl apply -f prometheus-cfg.yaml
kubectl delete -f prometheus-deploy.yaml
kubectl apply -f prometheus-deploy.yaml
通过上面步骤，就可以实现钉钉报警了
接下来会给大家写通过alertmanager发送微信报警，根据报警级别实现钉钉+微信+邮箱同时报警，同时还会扩展prometheus监控，如监控tomcat、nginx、mysql、redis、mongodb等组件，也会介绍使用prometheus的pushgateway进行自定义数据的监控等，请关注我的公众号来持续学习。
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