go语言 json 序列化、反序列化用例解析

简介

Json(Javascript Object Nanotation)是一种数据交换格式，常用于前后端数据传输。任意一端将数据转换成json 字符串，
另一端再将该字符串解析成相应的数据结构，如string类型，strcut对象等。

go语言本身为我们提供了json的工具包”encoding/json”。

- Encoding

func Marshal(v interface{}) ([]byte, error)
递归进行json编码
func MarshalIndent（v interface{}, prefix, index string) ([]byte, error)
Marshallndent类似Marshal但会使用缩进将输出格式化。

- Decoding

func Unmarshal(data []byte, v interface{}) error
json解码

- type Decoder struct

func NewDecoder(r io.Reader) Decoder
NewDecoder创建一个从r读取并解码json对象的Decoder，解码器有自己的缓冲，并可能超前读取部分json数据。
func (dec *Decoder) UseNumber()
UseNumber方法将dec设置为当接收端是Interface{}接口时将json数字解码为Number类型而不是float64类型。
func (dec *Decoder) Decode(v interface{}) error
Decode从输入流读取下一个json编码值并保持在v指向的值里。

- type Encoder struct

func NewEncoder(w io.Writer) Encoder
NewEncoder创建一个将数据写入w的Encoder。
func (enc *Encoder) Encode(v interface{}) error
Encode将v的json编码写入输出流，并会写入一个换行符。

实例 1 序列化

结构体转换成json串

package main
import (
        "fmt"
        "encoding/json"
)

type User struct {
        UserName string `json:"username"`
        NickName string `json:"nick-name"`
        Age int
        Birthday string
        Sex     string
        Email string
        Phone string
}

func structTojson() {

        u1 := &User {
                UserName:"zhangsan",
                NickName:"crize man",
                Age:18,
                Birthday:"1955/5/5",
                Sex: "男",
                Email: "zhangsan@qq.com",
                Phone: "086 133 5555 5555",
        }

        data, err := json.Marshal(u1)
        if err != nil {
                fmt.Printf("json.marshal failed,err", err)
                return
        }

        fmt.Printf("json:%s\n",string(data))
}

func main() {
        structTojson()
        fmt.Printf("--end---\n")
}

~/gomod/src/json$ go run structTojson.go 
json:{"username":"zhangsan","nick-name":"crize man","Age":18,"Birthday":"1955/5/5","Sex":"男","Email":"zhangsan@qq.com","Phone":"086 133 5555 5555"}
--end---

实例 2 反序列化

package main
import (
	"fmt"
	"encoding/json"
)

type User struct {
	UserName string `json:"username"`
	NickName string `json:"nick-name"`
	Age int
	Birthday string
	Sex	string
	Email string
	Phone string
}

func structTojson() (res string, err error){

	u1 := &User {
		UserName:"zhangsan",
		NickName:"crize man",
		Age:18,
		Birthday:"1955/5/5",
		Sex: "男",
		Email: "zhangsan@qq.com",
		Phone: "086 133 5555 5555",
	}

	data, err := json.Marshal(u1)
	if err != nil {
		err = fmt.Errorf("json.marshal failed,err", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Printf("json:%s\n",string(data))
	res = string(data)
	return
}

func reSerial() {
	data,err := structTojson()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("reSerial failed",err)
		return
	}

	var u1 User
	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(data),&u1)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("unmarshal err:",err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Printf("\n\r")
	fmt.Println("unmarshal result:",u1)
}


func main() {
	reSerial()
	fmt.Printf("--end---\n")
}

• 运行结果

robot@ubuntu:~/gomod/src/json$ go run structTojson.go 
json:{"username":"zhangsan","nick-name":"crize man","Age":18,"Birthday":"1955/5/5","Sex":"男","Email":"zhangsan@qq.com","Phone":"086 133 5555 5555"}

unmarshal result: {zhangsan crize man 18 1955/5/5 男 zhangsan@qq.com 086 133 5555 5555}
--end---

实例 3

package main
import (
	"fmt"
	"encoding/json"
)

func testSlice() {
	var mp map[string]interface{}
	var sl []map[string]interface{}

	mp = make(map[string]interface{})
	mp["name"] = "zhangfei"
	mp["age"] = 18
	mp["sex"] = "man"

	sl = append(sl,mp)
	fmt.Println("sl1:",sl)

	mp = make(map[string]interface{})  //clear m value
	mp["name"] = "guanyu"
        mp["age"] = 19
        mp["sex"] = "female"
	sl = append(sl,mp)
	fmt.Println("sl2:",sl)

        mp = make(map[string]interface{})  //clear m value
        mp["name"] = "liubei"
        mp["age"] = 20
        mp["sex"] = "female"
        sl = append(sl,mp)
        fmt.Println("sl3:",sl)


	data,err := json.Marshal(sl)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("marshal failed ,err:",err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Printf("res:%s\n",string(data))
}

func main() {
	testSlice()
}

json API接口说明

https://golang.org/pkg/encoding/json/#pkg-examples