The basic uses for global and local vaiable

1. The FIRST example to show what the global variable is:

#include <iostream>

int a{2};
int main()
{
	std::cout << "a = " << a << std::endl;
	a = 4;
	std::cout << "a = " << a << std::endl;
	a = 10;
	std::cout << "a = " << ::a << std::endl;
	return 0;
}

2. The global vaiable and local variable could have same name:

The results:

a = 2
a = 4
a = 2

The corresponding codes:
 

#include <iostream>

int a{2};
int main()
{
	std::cout << "a = " << a << std::endl;
	int a = 4;
	std::cout << "a = " << a << std::endl;

	std::cout << "a = " << ::a << std::endl;
	return 0;
}

The reason behind :: is the gloabl has no name for its functional area.