Leetcode面试热题（十）

       如今不论是校招还是社招，大多数公司都会有笔试+面试的算法题，以此来考察候选人的数据结构和算法能力，因此我们面试前最好复习下算法，简单来说就是刷题呗！

        以下是本人社招时在Leetcode和牛客网上的大厂的高频题，大概二三百道，此系列只列出最热门的一百来道，代码都是Leetcode上的，可以正常运行。大家可以根据下面推荐的题目来有选择的刷题，最好是进入Leetcode或牛客来刷，里面有许多优秀解法可以参考！

        常见算法有背包、DFS、BFS、动态规划、数组、状态压缩、图优化、数学推导、字符串、链表二叉树、邻接表、图优化等等。

        下面是正常的题目，大家可以参考一下：

//2021.05.17  
1、实现前缀树(Trie树)/字典树
class Trie {
private:
    bool isEnd;
    Trie* next[26];
public:
    Trie() {
        isEnd = false;
        memset(next, 0, sizeof(next));
    }
    
    void insert(string word) {
        Trie* node = this;
        for (char c : word) {
            if (node->next[c-'a'] == NULL) {
                node->next[c-'a'] = new Trie();
            }
            node = node->next[c-'a'];
        }
        node->isEnd = true;
    }
    
    bool search(string word) {
        Trie* node = this;
        for (char c : word) {
            node = node->next[c - 'a'];
            if (node == NULL) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return node->isEnd;
    }
    
    bool startsWith(string prefix) {
        Trie* node = this;
        for (char c : prefix) {
            node = node->next[c-'a'];
            if (node == NULL) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
};


作者：huwt
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/implement-trie-prefix-tree/solution/trie-tree-de-shi-xian-gua-he-chu-xue-zhe-by-huwt/
来源：力扣（LeetCode）
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。


2、判断一个树中是否包含另一个树
https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/4eaccec5ee8f4fe8a4309463b807a542?tpId=117&tqId=37821&rp=1&ru=%2Fta%2Fjob-code-high&qru=%2Fta%2Fjob-code-high%2Fquestion-ranking&tab=answerKey

    public boolean isContains (TreeNode root1, TreeNode root2) {
        // write code here
        if(root1==null){
            return false;
        }
        return isContains(root1.left,root2) || isContains(root1.right,root2) || isSubTree(root1,root2);
    }

    public boolean isSubTree(TreeNode root1,TreeNode root2){
        if(root1==null && root2==null){
            return true;
        }
        if(root1==null || root2==null || root1.val!=root2.val){
            return false;
        }
        return isSubTree(root1.left,root2.left) && isSubTree(root1.right,root2.right);
    }


3、矩阵中的最长递增路径——DFS+记忆化递归

class Solution {
public:
    static constexpr int dirs[4][2] = {{-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}, {0, 1}};
    int rows, columns;

    int longestIncreasingPath(vector< vector<int> > &matrix) {
        if (matrix.size() == 0 || matrix[0].size() == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        rows = matrix.size();
        columns = matrix[0].size();
        auto memo = vector< vector<int> > (rows, vector <int> (columns));
        int ans = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < rows; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < columns; ++j) {
                ans = max(ans, dfs(matrix, i, j, memo));
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }

    int dfs(vector< vector<int> > &matrix, int row, int column, vector< vector<int> > &memo) {
        if (memo[row][column] != 0) {
            return memo[row][column];
        }
        ++memo[row][column];
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
            int newRow = row + dirs[i][0], newColumn = column + dirs[i][1];
            if (newRow >= 0 && newRow < rows && newColumn >= 0 && newColumn < columns && matrix[newRow][newColumn] > matrix[row][column]) {
                memo[row][column] = max(memo[row][column], dfs(matrix, newRow, newColumn, memo) + 1);
            }
        }
        return memo[row][column];
    }
};

作者：LeetCode-Solution
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/longest-increasing-path-in-a-matrix/solution/ju-zhen-zhong-de-zui-chang-di-zeng-lu-jing-by-le-2/
来源：力扣（LeetCode）
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。



//2021.05.25
4、将二叉搜索树转换为双向链表
class Solution {
public:
    Node* treeToDoublyList(Node* root) {
        if(root == nullptr) return nullptr;
        dfs(root);
        head->left = pre;
        pre->right = head;
        return head;
    }
private:
    Node *pre, *head;
    void dfs(Node* cur) {
        if(cur == nullptr) return;
        dfs(cur->left);
        if(pre != nullptr) pre->right = cur;
        else head = cur;
        cur->left = pre;
        pre = cur;
        dfs(cur->right);
    }
};

作者：jyd
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/er-cha-sou-suo-shu-yu-shuang-xiang-lian-biao-lcof/solution/mian-shi-ti-36-er-cha-sou-suo-shu-yu-shuang-xian-5/
来源：力扣（LeetCode）
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。

5、阶乘末尾为0的个数——(被10整除就是能包含5和2，而2出现次数明显比5要多，所以只要满足5的个数，那么2肯定也满足)

class Solution {
public:
    int trailingZeroes(int n) {
        int res = 0;
        while (n >= 5)
        {
            res += n/5;
            n /= 5;
        }
        return res;
    }
};

作者：ffreturn
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/factorial-zeros-lcci/solution/1605-cchao-100de-shu-xue-jie-fa-by-ffret-55vy/
来源：力扣（LeetCode）
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。


6、不相邻最大子序列和——（打家劫舍思想）
https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/269b4dbd74e540aabd3aa9438208ed8d?tpId=117&tqId=37855&rp=1&ru=%2Fta%2Fjob-code-high&qru=%2Fta%2Fjob-code-high%2Fquestion-ranking&tab=answerKey
class Solution {
public:
    long long subsequence(int n, vector<int>& array) {
        vector<long long> dp(n);
        dp[0] = max(0,array[0]);
        dp[1] = max(dp[0],(long long)array[1]);
        for(int i = 2 ; i < n ; i++)
        {
            dp[i] = max(array[i]+dp[i-2],dp[i-1]);
        }
        return dp[n-1];
    }
};

7、将有序数组转换为二叉搜索树
class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* sortedArrayToBST(vector<int>& nums) {
        return helper(nums, 0, nums.size() - 1);
    }

    TreeNode* helper(vector<int>& nums, int left, int right) {
        if (left > right) {
            return nullptr;
        }

        // 总是选择中间位置左边的数字作为根节点
        int mid = (left + right) / 2;

        TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(nums[mid]);
        root->left = helper(nums, left, mid - 1);
        root->right = helper(nums, mid + 1, right);
        return root;
    }
};

作者：LeetCode-Solution
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/convert-sorted-array-to-binary-search-tree/solution/jiang-you-xu-shu-zu-zhuan-huan-wei-er-cha-sou-s-33/
来源：力扣（LeetCode）
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。

8、求第N个丑数
class Solution {
public:
    int nthUglyNumber(int n) {
        vector<int> factors = {2, 3, 5};
        unordered_set<long> seen;
        priority_queue<long, vector<long>, greater<long>> heap;
        seen.insert(1L);
        heap.push(1L);
        int ugly = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            long curr = heap.top();
            heap.pop();
            ugly = (int)curr;
            for (int factor : factors) {
                long next = curr * factor;
                if (!seen.count(next)) {
                    seen.insert(next);
                    heap.push(next);
                }
            }
        }
        return ugly;
    }
};

作者：LeetCode-Solution
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/ugly-number-ii/solution/chou-shu-ii-by-leetcode-solution-uoqd/
来源：力扣（LeetCode）
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。


//2021.05.27
9、未排序数组中累加和为给定值的最长子数组长度——（哈希表查找）
https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/704c8388a82e42e58b7f5751ec943a11?tpId=117&&tqId=37794&rp=1&ru=/ta/job-code-high&qru=/ta/job-code-high/question-ranking
public static int maxLength(int[] arr, int k) {
    if (arr == null || arr.length == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    Map<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
    map.put(0, -1);
    int len = 0;
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
        sum += arr[i];
        if (map.containsKey(sum - k)) {
            len = Math.max(len, i - map.get(sum - k));
        }
        if (!map.containsKey(sum)) {
            map.put(sum, i);
        }
    }
    return len;
}

10、发糖果——两次遍历
class Solution {
public:
    int candy(vector<int>& ratings) {
        int n = ratings.size();
        vector<int> left(n);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (i > 0 && ratings[i] > ratings[i - 1]) {
                left[i] = left[i - 1] + 1;
            } else {
                left[i] = 1;
            }
        }
        int right = 0, ret = 0;
        for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            if (i < n - 1 && ratings[i] > ratings[i + 1]) {
                right++;
            } else {
                right = 1;
            }
            ret += max(left[i], right);
        }
        return ret;
    }
};

作者：LeetCode-Solution
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/candy/solution/fen-fa-tang-guo-by-leetcode-solution-f01p/
来源：力扣（LeetCode）
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。