函数式编程：匿名函数、高阶函数、装饰器

                     函数式编程：匿名函数、高阶函数、装饰器

一、lambda表达式   

    1、非lambda表达式 

def add(x, y):
    return x + y


print(add(1, 2))

运行结果：
3

    2、lambda表达式  

f = lambda x, y: x + y
print(f(1, 2))

运行结果：
3

二、三元表达式

x = 2
y = 1
r = x if x > y else y
print(r)

运行结果：
2

x = 2
y = 5
r = x if x > y else y
print(r)

运行结果：
5

三、map

    1、非map形式    

list_x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]


def square(x):
    return x * x


list_y = []
for x in list_x:
    list_y.append(square(x))

print(list_y)

运行结果：
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64]

    2、map形式

list_x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]


def square(x):
    return x * x



r = map(square, list_x)
print(list(r))

运行结果：
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64]

四、map与lambda

list_x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
list_y = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

r = map(lambda x, y: x * x + y, list_x, list_y)
print(list(r))

运行结果：
[2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42]

    注意：传入两个列表的话，运行结果长度等于短列表的的长度。

五、reduce

    1、示例一：        

# 连续计算，连续调用lambda
# ((((((1 + 2) + 3) + 4) + 5) + 6) + 7) + 8 = 36
list_x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
r = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, list_x)
print(r)

运行结果：
36

    2、示例二：        

# 连续计算，连续调用lambda
# ((((((("aaa" + "1") + "2") + "3") + "4") + "5") + "6") + "7") + "8" = "aaa12345678"
list_x = ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8"]
r = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, list_x, "aaa")
print(r)

运行结果：
aaa12345678

六、filter

    1、示例一：    

list_x = [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1]
r = filter(lambda x: True if x == 1 else False, list_x)
print(list(r))

运行结果：
[1, 1, 1]

    2、示例二：    

list_x = [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1]
r = filter(lambda x: x, list_x)
print(list(r))

运行结果：
[1, 1, 1]

    3、示例三：

list_x = ["a", "B", "c", "F", "E"]
r = filter(lambda x: x, list_x)
print(list(r))

运行结果：
['a', 'B', 'c', 'F', 'E']

 

七、装饰器    

from datetime import datetime


def decorator(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print(datetime.now())
        func(*args, **kwargs)
    return wrapper


@decorator
def f1(func_name):
    print("This is a function named " + func_name)

@decorator
def f2(func_name1, func_name2):
    print("This is a function named " + func_name1)
    print("This is a function named " + func_name2)

@decorator
def f3(func_name1, func_name2, **kwargs):
    print("This is a function named " + func_name1)
    print("This is a function named " + func_name2)
    print(kwargs)


f1("test_func")
运行结果：
2019-10-02 19:37:19.419512
This is a function named test_func

f2("test_func1", "test_func2")
运行结果：
2019-10-02 19:37:19.419532
This is a function named test_func1
This is a function named test_func2

f3("test_func1", "test_func2", a=1, b=2, c="1, 2, 3")
运行结果：
2019-10-02 19:37:19.419544
This is a function named test_func1
This is a function named test_func2
{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': '1, 2, 3'}