hw13（第十三周）

Scipy相关练习

Exercise 10.1: Least squares Generate matrix A ∈ Rm×n with m > n. Also generate some vector b ∈ Rm. Now find x = arg(min xk)||Ax−bk||2. Print the norm of the residual.
Exercise 10.2: Optimization Find the maximum of the function
f(x) = (sin(x−2))^2 * e^(−x^(2))
Exercise 10.3: Pairwise distances Let X be a matrix with n rows and m columns. How can you compute the pairwise distances between every two rows?
As an example application, consider n cities, and we are given their coordinates in two columns. Now we want a nice table that tells us for each two cities, how far they are apart.
Again, make sure you make use of Scipy’s functionality instead of writing your own routine.

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10.1的目的是已知矩阵A和向量b，使用最小二乘法求向量x，并求出残差的模。
10.2的目的是求f(x) = (sin(x−2))^2 * e^(−x^(2))的最大值。
10.3的目的是计算n个点中每两个点之间的距离。（使用Scipy中的函数）

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效果：

10.1
A = [[3.29970122 4.7584198 0.11994548]
[1.10806457 4.11875492 7.82262271]
[4.11149242 2.98016391 1.85985557]
[0.10009004 7.7156862 6.02579851]
[0.55049201 3.73704831 7.01933204]]
b = [3.09298837 1.93370244 1.70862393 3.42058839 0.3262391 ]
x = [ 0.11220267 0.56255373 -0.15490991]
Norm of residual = 0.3610278285377418
10.2
max func(0.216211) = 0.911685
iterations = 16, function evaluations = 32
10.3
[[0.68474557 6.35072199]
[0.57396044 6.34347976]
[2.44547344 4.21650739]
[5.85283499 1.59502687]]
[0.11102161 2.76677332 7.02323176 2.83312062 7.10030432 4.2991014 ]

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代码：

import scipy
import scipy.linalg
import scipy.spatial
import scipy.optimize as opt
import math

def ex10_1():
    print('10.1')
    m = 5
    n = 3
    A = scipy.random.rand(m, n) * scipy.random.randint(1, 10)
    b = scipy.random.rand(m) * scipy.random.randint(1, 10)
    x, resid, rnk, s = scipy.linalg.lstsq(A, b)
    print('A =', A)
    print('b =', b)
    print('x =', x)
    print('Norm of residual =', resid/n)

def ex10_2():
    print('10.2')
    func = lambda x: (math.sin(x - 2) ** 2) * math.exp(-x * x)
    maximum = opt.fmin(lambda x: -func(x), 1, full_output=True, disp=0)
    print('max func(%f) = %f'%(maximum[0], -maximum[1]))
    print('iterations = %d, function evaluations = %d'%(maximum[2], maximum[3]))

def ex10_3():
    print('10.3')
    m = 2
    n = 4
    X = scipy.random.rand(n, m) * scipy.random.randint(1, 10)
    print(X)
    Y = scipy.spatial.distance.pdist(X)
    print(Y)

ex10_1()
ex10_2()
ex10_3()