Linux Kernel 2.6.9源码分析 – bind
先来看下bind API的原型:
int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);
参数说明:
sockfd:即socket描述字,它是通过socket()函数创建了,唯一标识一个socket。bind()函数就是将给这个描述字绑定一个名字。
addr:一个const struct sockaddr 指针,指向要绑定给sockfd的协议地址。这个地址结构根据地址创建socket时的地址协议族的不同而不同,如ipv4对应的是:
struct sockaddr_in {
sa_family_t sin_family; / address family: AF_INET /
in_port_t sin_port; / port in network byte order /
struct in_addr sin_addr; / internet address /
};
/ Internet address. /
struct in_addr {
uint32_t s_addr; / address in network byte order */
};
addrlen:对应的是地址的长度。
下面来看下其对应的系统调用如何来bind 地址的.
asmlinkage long sys_bind(int fd, struct sockaddr __user *umyaddr, int addrlen)
{
struct socket *sock;
char address[MAX_SOCK_ADDR];
int err;
if((sock = sockfd_lookup(fd,&err))!=NULL)
{
if((err=move_addr_to_kernel(umyaddr,addrlen,address))>=0) {
err = security_socket_bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)address, addrlen);
if (err) {
sockfd_put(sock);
return err;
}
err = sock->ops->bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)address, addrlen);
}
sockfd_put(sock);
}
return err;
}
其中sockfd_lookup函数是通过用户传入的文件描述符fd,找到对应的struct socket结构.通过前一章socket 可知查找步骤如下:
1.在当前进程的描述符中通过fd 找到struct file结构
2.通过file->f_dentry->d_inode inode的地址转换得到struct socket的地址.
接下来再来调用sock->ops->bind,我们来看下AF_INET协议族的TCP的bind如何实现的.
net/ipv4/af_inet.c
struct proto_ops inet_stream_ops = {
.family = PF_INET,
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.release = inet_release,
.bind = inet_bind,
.connect = inet_stream_connect,
.socketpair = sock_no_socketpair,
.accept = inet_accept,
.getname = inet_getname,
.poll = tcp_poll,
.ioctl = inet_ioctl,
.listen = inet_listen,
.shutdown = inet_shutdown,
.setsockopt = sock_common_setsockopt,
.getsockopt = sock_common_getsockopt,
.sendmsg = inet_sendmsg,
.recvmsg = sock_common_recvmsg,
.mmap = sock_no_mmap,
.sendpage = tcp_sendpage
};
int inet_bind(struct socket *sock, struct sockaddr *uaddr, int addr_len)
{
struct sockaddr_in *addr = (struct sockaddr_in *)uaddr;
struct sock *sk = sock->sk;
struct inet_opt *inet = inet_sk(sk);
unsigned short snum;
int chk_addr_ret;
int err;
/* If the socket has its own bind function then use it. (RAW) */
if (sk->sk_prot->bind) {
err = sk->sk_prot->bind(sk, uaddr, addr_len);
goto out;
}
err = -EINVAL;
if (addr_len < sizeof(struct sockaddr_in))
goto out;
chk_addr_ret = inet_addr_type(addr->sin_addr.s_addr);
/* Not specified by any standard per-se, however it breaks too
* many applications when removed. It is unfortunate since
* allowing applications to make a non-local bind solves
* several problems with systems using dynamic addressing.
* (ie. your servers still start up even if your ISDN link
* is temporarily down)
*/
err = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
if (!sysctl_ip_nonlocal_bind &&
!inet->freebind &&
addr->sin_addr.s_addr != INADDR_ANY &&
chk_addr_ret != RTN_LOCAL &&
chk_addr_ret != RTN_MULTICAST &&
chk_addr_ret != RTN_BROADCAST)
goto out;
snum = ntohs(addr->sin_port);
err = -EACCES;
if (snum && snum < PROT_SOCK && !capable(CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE))
goto out;
/* We keep a pair of addresses. rcv_saddr is the one
* used by hash lookups, and saddr is used for transmit.
*
* In the BSD API these are the same except where it
* would be illegal to use them (multicast/broadcast) in
* which case the sending device address is used.
*/
lock_sock(sk);
/* Check these errors (active socket, double bind). */
err = -EINVAL;
if (sk->sk_state != TCP_CLOSE || inet->num)
goto out_release_sock;
inet->rcv_saddr = inet->saddr = addr->sin_addr.s_addr;
if (chk_addr_ret == RTN_MULTICAST || chk_addr_ret == RTN_BROADCAST)
inet->saddr = 0; /* Use device */
/* Make sure we are allowed to bind here. */
if (sk->sk_prot->get_port(sk, snum)) {
inet->saddr = inet->rcv_saddr = 0;
err = -EADDRINUSE;
goto out_release_sock;
}
if (inet->rcv_saddr)
sk->sk_userlocks |= SOCK_BINDADDR_LOCK;
if (snum)
sk->sk_userlocks |= SOCK_BINDPORT_LOCK;
inet->sport = htons(inet->num);
inet->daddr = 0;
inet->dport = 0;
sk_dst_reset(sk);
err = 0;
out_release_sock:
release_sock(sk);
out:
return err;
}
从tcp_prot结构中来看,并没有定义bind接口,所以sk->sk_prot->bind应该为NULL,所以TCP的bind就是在inet_bind中完成的.
struct proto tcp_prot = {
.name = "TCP",
.close = tcp_close,
.connect = tcp_v4_connect,
.disconnect = tcp_disconnect,
.accept = tcp_accept,
.ioctl = tcp_ioctl,
.init = tcp_v4_init_sock,
.destroy = tcp_v4_destroy_sock,
.shutdown = tcp_shutdown,
.setsockopt = tcp_setsockopt,
.getsockopt = tcp_getsockopt,
.sendmsg = tcp_sendmsg,
.recvmsg = tcp_recvmsg,
.backlog_rcv = tcp_v4_do_rcv,
.hash = tcp_v4_hash,
.unhash = tcp_unhash,
.get_port = tcp_v4_get_port,
.enter_memory_pressure = tcp_enter_memory_pressure,
.sockets_allocated = &tcp_sockets_allocated,
.memory_allocated = &tcp_memory_allocated,
.memory_pressure = &tcp_memory_pressure,
.sysctl_mem = sysctl_tcp_mem,
.sysctl_wmem = sysctl_tcp_wmem,
.sysctl_rmem = sysctl_tcp_rmem,
.max_header = MAX_TCP_HEADER,
.slab_obj_size = sizeof(struct tcp_sock),
};
从这个函数来看,将struct sockaddr_in中的sin_port 通过tcp_v4_get_port函数做一些检查和转换再赋值给inet->sport
而struct sockaddr_in中的sin_addr赋值给inet->rcv_saddr = inet->saddr = addr->sin_addr.s_addr;