重温设计模式之观察者

1. 概念

定义对象间的一对多依赖关系，当一个对象状态发生改变时，所有依赖它的对象都得到通知并且自动更新。

结构：
Observer【观察者接口】：接口，规定了具体观察者用来更细致操作的方法
subject【主题】：接口，增加，删除，通知更新观察者
【具体主题】：实现主题接口的实例，包含可以经常变化的数据，需要还是用一个集合
【具体观察者】实现观察者接口的实例

2. 实例

首先我们定义观察者接口

public interface Observer {
    public void startTask(String msg);
}

然后定义主题接口，包含新增删除和通知

public interface Subject {

    public void addObserver(Observer o);

    public void delObserver(Observer o);

    public void notifyObserver();
}

然后是主题的具体实现
我们采取一个ArrayList来存放具体的观察者对象

ublic class SeekJobCenter implements Subject {

    String msg;
    boolean changed;
    //存放观察者
    ArrayList<Observer> userList;

    public SeekJobCenter() {
        userList = new ArrayList<Observer>();
        msg = "";
        changed = false;
    }

    @Override
    public void addObserver(Observer o) {
        if (!userList.contains(o)) {
            userList.add(o);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void delObserver(Observer o) {
        if (userList.contains(o)) {
            userList.remove(o);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void notifyObserver() {
        if (changed) {
            userList.forEach(o -> o.startTask(msg));
        }
        changed = false;
    }

    public void giveNewMsg(String str) {
        if (str.equals(msg)) {
            changed = false;
        } else {
            msg = str;
            changed = true;
        }

    }
}

具体的观察者对象A

public class NodeA implements Observer {

    Subject subject;

    public NodeA(Subject subject) {
        this.subject = subject;
        subject.addObserver(this);
    }


    @Override
    public void startTask(String msg) {
        System.out.println("this is NodeA. msg is " + msg);
    }
}

具体的观察者对象B

public class NodeB implements Observer {

    Subject subject;

    public NodeB(Subject subject) {
        this.subject = subject;
        subject.addObserver(this);
    }


    @Override
    public void startTask(String msg) {
        System.out.println("this is NodeB. msg is " + msg);
    }
}

测试类

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SeekJobCenter seekJobCenter = new SeekJobCenter();
        NodeA a = new NodeA(seekJobCenter);
        NodeB b = new NodeB(seekJobCenter);
        seekJobCenter.giveNewMsg("hello");
        seekJobCenter.notifyObserver();
    }
}