Swift 优雅的协议扩展

仿view.snp.xxx的调用形式

先看调用效果：“123456”.yy_Str.MD5ForLower32Bate()

"123456".yy_Str.MD5ForLower32Bate()
//类似：view.snp.xxx

为什么要这么做呢？好处在哪呢？

1. 降低耦合度：传统的写法，直接在类别中添加一个方法或属性例如：

extension String {
    ///验证身份证号
    func validateidnum() -> Bool {
        let idRegex = "^(\\d{14}|\\d{17})(\\d|[xX])$"
        let idTest:NSPredicate = NSPredicate(format: "SELF MATCHES %@", idRegex)
        return idTest.evaluate(with: self)
    }
}

2. 降低不必要的冲突：当另一个工程师也有类似的需求时，他也新建文件写啦同样的方法，这就会有冲突，然后排查…
3. 只需要一个属性，就能实现想要的扩展功能，代码简洁

如何实现

定义协议：YProtocolExtension.swift

//协议扩展
protocol YExtensionProtocol {
    associatedtype YExtensionType //给谁写扩展例如：UIView、String、UIButton
    var value: YExtensionType { get }
}

1. 定义一个实现该协议的结构体

struct YExtensionKitStructTypeEncodable<T>: YExtensionProtocol {
///实现协议的属性
    var value: T
    typealias YExtensionType = T //指定类型（传入泛型）
    /// 构造方法
    init(kit: T) {
        self.value = kit
    }
}

2. 同样我们也可以直接指定类型

struct YExtensionStringEncodable: YExtensionProtocol {
///实现协议的属性
    var value: String
    typealias YExtensionType = String //指定类型
    /// 构造方法
    init(kit: String) {
        self.value = kit
    }
}

3. 扩展YExtensionProtocol，实现相关String中MD5加密的功能

注意：凡是协议中定义的函数自己在协议中实现啦，他就是可选的类型，反之，是继承协议着必须实现。

以String为例：MD5加密

import CommonCrypto

//MARK:String-MD5加密32位
//where YExtensionType == String 指定YExtensionType：为那种类型
extension YExtensionProtocol where YExtensionType == String {
    ///MD5加密32位小写
    func MD5ForLower32Bate() -> String {
        let str = value.cString(using: .utf8)
        let strLen = CUnsignedInt(value.lengthOfBytes(using: .utf8))
        let digestLen = Int(CC_MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH)
        let result = UnsafeMutablePointer<CUnsignedChar>.allocate(capacity: digestLen)
        CC_MD5(str!, strLen, result)
        let hash = NSMutableString.init()
        for i in 0..<digestLen {
            hash.appendFormat("%02x", result[i])
        }
        result.deinitialize(count: digestLen)
        return String(hash)
    }
    ///MD5加密32位大写
    func MD5ForUpper32Bate() -> String {
        let str = value.cString(using: .utf8)
        let strLen = CUnsignedInt(value.lengthOfBytes(using: .utf8))
        let digestLen = Int(CC_MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH)
        
        let result = UnsafeMutablePointer<CUnsignedChar>.allocate(capacity: digestLen)
        CC_MD5(str!, strLen, result)
        let hash = NSMutableString()
        for i in 0..<digestLen {
            hash.appendFormat("%02X", result[i])
        }
        result.deinitialize(count: digestLen)
        return String(hash)
    }
}

4. 给String新增扩展：添加属性

//MARKL:有关字符串的扩展
extension String {
///第一种：直接指定类型的
    var yy_Str: YExtensionStringEncodable {
        return YExtensionStringEncodable.init(kit: self)
    }
    ///第二种：泛型传递
    var yy_kit: YExtensionKitStructTypeEncodable<String> {
        return YExtensionKitStructTypeEncodable.init(kit: self)
    }
}

5. 在ViewController测试结果如下

override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
        print("123456".yy_kit.MD5ForLower32Bate())
        print("123456".yy_kit.MD5ForUpper32Bate())
        print("——————————————————————————————————")
        print("123456".yy_Str.MD5ForLower32Bate())
        print("123456".yy_Str.MD5ForUpper32Bate())
    }
// 输出结果如下：
e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e
E10ADC3949BA59ABBE56E057F20F883E
——————————————————————————————————
e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e
E10ADC3949BA59ABBE56E057F20F883E

核心完整代码如下

//
//  YExtensionProtocol.swift
//  YExtentionDemo
//
//  Created by bruce yao on 2019/7/18.
//  Copyright © 2019 bruce yao. All rights reserved.
//
import Foundation
import UIKit
import CommonCrypto

//协议扩展
protocol YExtensionProtocol {
    associatedtype YExtensionType
    var value: YExtensionType { get }
}
///Struct类型的扩展基础
struct YExtensionKitStructTypeEncodable<T>: YExtensionProtocol {
    var value: T
    typealias YExtensionType = T
    /// 构造方法
    init(kit: T) {
        self.value = kit
    }
}
struct YExtensionStringEncodable: YExtensionProtocol {
    ///实现协议的属性
    var value: String
    typealias YExtensionType = String //指定类型（传入泛型）
    /// 构造方法
    init(kit: String) {
        self.value = kit
    }
}
/Class类型的扩展基础
//final class YExtensionKitClassTypeEncodable<T>: YExtensionProtocol {
//    /// 泛型
//    var value: T
//    typealias YExtensionType = T
//    /// 构造方法
//    init(kit: T) {
//        self.value = kit
//    }
//}
//MARK:String-MD5加密32位
extension YExtensionProtocol where YExtensionType == String {
    ///MD5加密32位小写
    func MD5ForLower32Bate() -> String {
        let str = value.cString(using: .utf8)
        let strLen = CUnsignedInt(value.lengthOfBytes(using: .utf8))
        let digestLen = Int(CC_MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH)
        let result = UnsafeMutablePointer<CUnsignedChar>.allocate(capacity: digestLen)
        CC_MD5(str!, strLen, result)
        let hash = NSMutableString.init()
        for i in 0..<digestLen {
            hash.appendFormat("%02x", result[i])
        }
        result.deinitialize(count: digestLen)
        return String(hash)
    }
    ///MD5加密32位大写
    func MD5ForUpper32Bate() -> String {
        let str = value.cString(using: .utf8)
        let strLen = CUnsignedInt(value.lengthOfBytes(using: .utf8))
        let digestLen = Int(CC_MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH)
        
        let result = UnsafeMutablePointer<CUnsignedChar>.allocate(capacity: digestLen)
        CC_MD5(str!, strLen, result)
        let hash = NSMutableString()
        for i in 0..<digestLen {
            hash.appendFormat("%02X", result[i])
        }
        result.deinitialize(count: digestLen)
        return String(hash)
    }
}

//MARK:有关字符串的扩展
extension String {
    var yy_Str: YExtensionStringEncodable {
        return YExtensionStringEncodable.init(kit: self)
    }
    var yy_kit: YExtensionKitStructTypeEncodable<String> {
        return YExtensionKitStructTypeEncodable.init(kit: self)
    }
}

Swift 5.0协议扩展 Cocoapods下载

链接：https://github.com/YaoChengZhen/YYExtentions.git

source 'https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git'
platform :ios, '9.0'

target 'TargetName' do
pod 'YYExtentions', 
end