Hibernate一对多关联映射
CREATE TABLE `cst_customer` (
`cust_id` BIGINT(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '客户编号(主键)',
`cust_name` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户名称(公司名称)',
`cust_source` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户信息来源',
`cust_industry` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户所属行业',
`cust_level` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户级别',
`cust_phone` VARCHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '固定电话',
`cust_mobile` VARCHAR(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '移动电话',
PRIMARY KEY (`cust_id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE TABLE `cst_linkman` (
`lkm_id` BIGINT(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '联系人编号(主键)',
`lkm_name` VARCHAR(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人姓名',
`lkm_cust_id` BIGINT(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户id',
`lkm_gender` CHAR(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人性别',
`lkm_phone` VARCHAR(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人办公电话',
`lkm_mobile` VARCHAR(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人手机',
`lkm_email` VARCHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人邮箱',
`lkm_qq` VARCHAR(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人qq',
`lkm_position` VARCHAR(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人职位',
`lkm_memo` VARCHAR(512) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人备注',
PRIMARY KEY (`lkm_id`),
KEY `FK_cst_linkman_lkm_cust_id` (`lkm_cust_id`),
CONSTRAINT `FK_cst_linkman_lkm_cust_id` FOREIGN KEY (`lkm_cust_id`) REFERENCES `cst_customer` (`cust_id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
创建对应的实体:一的实体提供Set集合及集合访问方法,多的实体提供一的实体的对象及访问方法:
package com.aloha.hibernate.domain;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* 客户的实体(一的实体类)
* @author malaganguo
*
*/
public class Customer {
private Long cust_id;
private String cust_name;
private String cust_source;
private String cust_industry;
private String cust_level;
private String cust_phone;
private String cust_mobile;
private Set<LinkMan> linkMans = new HashSet<LinkMan>();
public Set<LinkMan> getLinkMans() {
return linkMans;
}
public void setLinkMans(Set<LinkMan> linkMans) {
this.linkMans = linkMans;
}
public Long getCust_id() {
return cust_id;
}
public void setCust_id(Long cust_id) {
this.cust_id = cust_id;
}
public String getCust_name() {
return cust_name;
}
public void setCust_name(String cust_name) {
this.cust_name = cust_name;
}
public String getCust_source() {
return cust_source;
}
public void setCust_source(String cust_source) {
this.cust_source = cust_source;
}
public String getCust_industry() {
return cust_industry;
}
public void setCust_industry(String cust_industry) {
this.cust_industry = cust_industry;
}
public String getCust_level() {
return cust_level;
}
public void setCust_level(String cust_level) {
this.cust_level = cust_level;
}
public String getCust_phone() {
return cust_phone;
}
public void setCust_phone(String cust_phone) {
this.cust_phone = cust_phone;
}
public String getCust_mobile() {
return cust_mobile;
}
public void setCust_mobile(String cust_mobile) {
this.cust_mobile = cust_mobile;
}
}
package com.aloha.hibernate.domain;
/**
* 联系人的实体(多的实体类)
* @author malaganguo
*
*/
public class LinkMan {
private Long lkm_id;
private String lkm_name;
private String lkm_gender;
private String lkm_phone;
private String lkm_mobile;
private String lkm_email;
private String lkm_qq;
private String lkm_position;
private String lkm_memo;
private Customer customer;//提供一的实体类的对象及访问方法
public Long getLkm_id() {
return lkm_id;
}
public void setLkm_id(Long lkm_id) {
this.lkm_id = lkm_id;
}
public String getLkm_name() {
return lkm_name;
}
public void setLkm_name(String lkm_name) {
this.lkm_name = lkm_name;
}
public String getLkm_gender() {
return lkm_gender;
}
public void setLkm_gender(String lkm_gender) {
this.lkm_gender = lkm_gender;
}
public String getLkm_phone() {
return lkm_phone;
}
public void setLkm_phone(String lkm_phone) {
this.lkm_phone = lkm_phone;
}
public String getLkm_mobile() {
return lkm_mobile;
}
public void setLkm_mobile(String lkm_mobile) {
this.lkm_mobile = lkm_mobile;
}
public String getLkm_email() {
return lkm_email;
}
public void setLkm_email(String lkm_email) {
this.lkm_email = lkm_email;
}
public String getLkm_qq() {
return lkm_qq;
}
public void setLkm_qq(String lkm_qq) {
this.lkm_qq = lkm_qq;
}
public String getLkm_position() {
return lkm_position;
}
public void setLkm_position(String lkm_position) {
this.lkm_position = lkm_position;
}
public String getLkm_memo() {
return lkm_memo;
}
public void setLkm_memo(String lkm_memo) {
this.lkm_memo = lkm_memo;
}
public Customer getCustomer() {
return customer;
}
public void setCustomer(Customer customer) {
this.customer = customer;
}
}
多的一方映射创建LinkMan.hbm.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.LinkMan" table="cst_linkman">
<id name="lkm_id" column="lkm_id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="lkm_name"/>
<property name="lkm_gender"/>
<property name="lkm_phone"/>
<property name="lkm_mobile"/>
<property name="lkm_email"/>
<property name="lkm_qq"/>
<property name="lkm_position"/>
<property name="lkm_memo"/>
<!-- 配置多对一的关系
name:一的一方对象的属性名称
class:一的一方类的全路径
column:多的一方外键名称
-->
<many-to-one name="customer" class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.Customer" column="lkm_cust_id"></many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
一的一方映射创建Customer.hbm.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.Customer" table="cst_customer">
<!-- 建立OID与主键的映射 -->
<id name="cust_id" column="cust_id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="cust_name" column="cust_name" />
<property name="cust_source" column="cust_source" />
<property name="cust_industry" column="cust_industry" />
<property name="cust_level" column="cust_level" />
<property name="cust_phone" column="cust_phone" />
<property name="cust_mobile" column="cust_mobile" />
<!-- 配置一对多的映射:放置多的一方的集合 -->
<set name="linkMans">
<key column="lkm_cust_id"/>
<one-to-many class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.LinkMan"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
测试类:
package com.aloha.hibernate.test1;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.aloha.hibernate.domain.Customer;
import com.aloha.hibernate.domain.LinkMan;
import com.aloha.hibernate.utils.HibernateUtils;
/**
* 一对多的测试类
* @author malaganguo
*
*/
public class HibernateTest1 {
@Test//保存2个客户和3个联系人并且建立好关系
public void test1(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
//创建2个客户
Customer customer1 = new Customer();
customer1.setCust_name("张毅飞");
Customer customer2 = new Customer();
customer2.setCust_name("王帅");
//创建3个联系人
LinkMan linkman1 = new LinkMan();
linkman1.setLkm_name("李永娜");
LinkMan linkman2 = new LinkMan();
linkman2.setLkm_name("coco");
LinkMan linkman3 = new LinkMan();
linkman3.setLkm_name("尹姐");
//设置关系
linkman1.setCustomer(customer1);
linkman2.setCustomer(customer1);
linkman3.setCustomer(customer2);
customer1.getLinkMans().add(linkman1);
customer1.getLinkMans().add(linkman2);
customer2.getLinkMans().add(linkman3);
//保存数据
session.save(customer1);
session.save(customer2);
session.save(linkman1);
session.save(linkman2);
session.save(linkman3);
transaction.commit();
}
}
结果:
这里演示的是我们已经创建了表,我们也可以将hibernate.cfg.xml中的自动更新改为create来自动创建表。
一对多关系不能只保存一边
demo:
@Test//一对多的关系只保存一边是否可以
public void test2(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setCust_name("张毅飞");
LinkMan linkMan = new LinkMan();
linkMan.setLkm_name("徐永娜");
customer.getLinkMans().add(linkMan);
linkMan.setCustomer(customer);
//只保存一边是不可以的,会抛出一个瞬时对象异常:持久态对象关联了一个瞬时态对象
// session.save(customer);
session.save(linkMan);
transaction.commit();
}
不管保存哪一边,都会抛出瞬时对象异常,因为持久态对象不能关联瞬时态对象。
报出的错误:
所以一对多保存一边到底行不行? 答案是:行!级联解决。
——级联操作
级联解决一对多单边保存的办法:在级联的一方的映射配置文件中加入属性 cascade="save-update"。对于多的一方,将cascade写在<many to one>标签中;对于一的一方,将cascade写在<set>标签中。
<many-to-one name="customer" cascade="save-update" class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.Customer" column="lkm_cust_id" ></many-to-one>
<set name="linkMans" cascade="save-update" >
<key column="lkm_cust_id"/>
<one-to-many class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.LinkMan"/>
</set>
级联保存或更新
@Test
/**
* 测试对象导航
*/
public void test4(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setCust_name("张毅飞");
LinkMan linkMan1 = new LinkMan();
linkMan1.setLkm_name("徐永娜");
LinkMan linkMan2 = new LinkMan();
linkMan2.setLkm_name("Alice");
LinkMan linkMan3 = new LinkMan();
linkMan3.setLkm_name("Coco");
linkMan1.setCustomer(customer);
customer.getLinkMans().add(linkMan2);
customer.getLinkMans().add(linkMan3);
// session.save(linkMan1);//因为就级联,所以会产生4条insert语句
// session.save(customer);//会产生3条insert语句,没有徐永娜
session.save(linkMan3);//会产生1条insert语句,只有coco
transaction.commit();
}
没有客户的话,外键默认为null。
级联删除
删除一边,将另一边关联的一并删除。
在数据库中对于有外键的表记录删除是无法直接完成的。hibernate对于没有级联的默认删除可以删除对象并将所有有关外键置为null。
级联删除的配置:
在Customer.hbm.xml中和LinkMan.hbm.xml中的cascade属性中加入delete值即可:
<set name="linkMans" cascade="save-update,delete" >
<key column="lkm_cust_id"/>
<one-to-many class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.LinkMan"/>
</set>
<many-to-one name="customer" cascade="save-update,delete" class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.Customer" column="lkm_cust_id" ></many-to-one>
但是实际是:删除联系人级联删除客户一般是不用的,不然就丢失客户了。
注意:删除时同样需要先查询后删除:
@Test
/**
* 级联删除多的一方
*/
public void test5(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 1l);
session.delete(customer);
transaction.commit();
}
一对多设置双向关联会产生多余SQL语句
解决办法:
单向维护
让某一方放弃外键维护权(让一的一方) ——在一的一方的映射配置文件的<set>标签中加入属性:inverse="true"
<set name="linkMans" cascade="save-update,delete" inverse="true" >
<key column="lkm_cust_id"/>
<one-to-many class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.LinkMan"/>
</set>
区分inverse和save-update
hibernate的多对多关联映射
多对多实体创建和一对多类似,区别是多对多的实体里放的都是对方实例的集合。
创建两张具有多对多关系的表sys_user和sys_role 以及中间表sys_user_role。
Role的实体:
package com.aloha.hibernate.domain;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* 角色的实体
* CREATE TABLE `sys_role` (
`role_id` BIGINT(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`role_name` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '角色名称',
`role_memo` VARCHAR(128) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '备注',
PRIMARY KEY (`role_id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
* @author malaganguo
*
*/
public class Role {
private Long role_id;
private String role_name;
private String role_memo;
private Set<User> user = new HashSet<User>();
public Set<User> getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(Set<User> user) {
this.user = user;
}
public Long getRole_id() {
return role_id;
}
public void setRole_id(Long role_id) {
this.role_id = role_id;
}
public String getRole_name() {
return role_name;
}
public void setRole_name(String role_name) {
this.role_name = role_name;
}
public String getRole_memo() {
return role_memo;
}
public void setRole_memo(String role_memo) {
this.role_memo = role_memo;
}
}
User的实体:
package com.aloha.hibernate.domain;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* 用户的实体
* CREATE TABLE `sys_user` (
`user_id` BIGINT(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '用户id',
`user_code` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户账号',
`user_name` VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名称',
`user_password` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户密码',
`user_state` CHAR(1) NOT NULL COMMENT '1:正常,0:暂停',
PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
* @author malaganguo
*
*/
public class User {
private Long user_id;
private String user_code;
private String user_name;
private String user_password;
private String user_state;
private Set<Role> role = new HashSet<Role>();
public Set<Role> getRole() {
return role;
}
public void setRole(Set<Role> role) {
this.role = role;
}
public Long getUser_id() {
return user_id;
}
public void setUser_id(Long user_id) {
this.user_id = user_id;
}
public String getUser_code() {
return user_code;
}
public void setUser_code(String user_code) {
this.user_code = user_code;
}
public String getUser_name() {
return user_name;
}
public void setUser_name(String user_name) {
this.user_name = user_name;
}
public String getUser_password() {
return user_password;
}
public void setUser_password(String user_password) {
this.user_password = user_password;
}
public String getUser_state() {
return user_state;
}
public void setUser_state(String user_state) {
this.user_state = user_state;
}
}
Role.hbm.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.Role" table="sys_role">
<id name="role_id" >
<generator class="native" />
</id>
<property name="role_name" />
<property name="role_memo" />
<set name="user" table="sys_user_role" inverse="true">
<key column="role_id"/>
<many-to-many class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.User" column="user_id" />
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
User.hbm.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.User" table="sys_user">
<id name="user_id" column="user_id">
<generator class="native" />
</id>
<property name="user_code" />
<property name="user_name" />
<property name="user_password" />
<property name="user_state" />
<set name="role" table="sys_user_role">
<key column="user_id" />
<many-to-many class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.Role" column="role_id" />
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
再在hibernate-cfg.xml中插入两个mapping标签将两个配置文件引入:
<mapping resource="com/aloha/hibernate/domain/Role.hbm.xml"/>
<mapping resource="com/aloha/hibernate/domain/User.hbm.xml"/>
测试代码:
@Test//多对多只保存一边可以不? 不可以
public void test2(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
User user = new User();
user.setUser_name("麻辣坩埚");
Role role = new Role();
role.setRole_name("打野");
user.getRole().add(role);
role.getUser().add(user);
session.save(user);
// session.save(role);
transaction.commit();
}
会报出瞬时对象异常:
多对多使用级联保存更新
保存用户级联保存联系人:在用户的映射配置文件<set>中加入cascade="save-update"。
<set name="role" table="sys_user_role" cascade="save-update">
<key column="user_id" />
<many-to-many class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.Role" column="role_id" />
</set>
以后上面的单方提交问题解决了。
多对多级联删除的使用场景基本没有,但是有这个功能
非要用的话,多对多的级联删除和一对多的级联删除写法是一样的,都是在在被删除类的映射配置文件中添加cascade="delete"属性,将外键维护权放弃inverse="false"。删除的代码和一对多一样。
多对多还有增加删除的操作,都是对集合操作的
@Test//改选
public void test4(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
User user2 = session.get(User.class, 2l);
Role role2 = session.get(Role.class, 2l);
Role role4 = session.get(Role.class, 4l);
//把岳云鹏的演员删除,改成导演
user2.getRole().remove(role2);
user2.getRole().add(role4);
transaction.commit();
}