hibernate表操作&多对多关系学习笔记

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-10 11:56:07 发布

malaganguo

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-10 11:56:07 发布

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文章标签： hibernate

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38930706/article/details/82117104

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Hibernate一对多关联映射

CREATE TABLE `cst_customer` (
  `cust_id` BIGINT(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '客户编号(主键)',
  `cust_name` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户名称(公司名称)',
  `cust_source` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户信息来源',
  `cust_industry` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户所属行业',
  `cust_level` VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户级别',
  `cust_phone` VARCHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '固定电话',
  `cust_mobile` VARCHAR(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '移动电话',
  PRIMARY KEY (`cust_id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `cst_linkman` (
  `lkm_id` BIGINT(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '联系人编号(主键)',
  `lkm_name` VARCHAR(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人姓名',
  `lkm_cust_id` BIGINT(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户id',
  `lkm_gender` CHAR(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人性别',
  `lkm_phone` VARCHAR(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人办公电话',
  `lkm_mobile` VARCHAR(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人手机',
  `lkm_email` VARCHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人邮箱',
  `lkm_qq` VARCHAR(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人qq',
  `lkm_position` VARCHAR(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人职位',
  `lkm_memo` VARCHAR(512) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人备注',
  PRIMARY KEY (`lkm_id`),
  KEY `FK_cst_linkman_lkm_cust_id` (`lkm_cust_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `FK_cst_linkman_lkm_cust_id` FOREIGN KEY (`lkm_cust_id`) REFERENCES `cst_customer` (`cust_id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

创建对应的实体：一的实体提供Set集合及集合访问方法，多的实体提供一的实体的对象及访问方法：

package com.aloha.hibernate.domain;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * 客户的实体（一的实体类）
 * @author malaganguo
 *
 */
public class Customer {

	private Long cust_id;
	private String cust_name;
	private String cust_source;
	private String cust_industry;
	private String cust_level;
	private String cust_phone;
	private String cust_mobile;
	private Set<LinkMan> linkMans = new HashSet<LinkMan>();
	public Set<LinkMan> getLinkMans() {
		return linkMans;
	}
	public void setLinkMans(Set<LinkMan> linkMans) {
		this.linkMans = linkMans;
	}
	public Long getCust_id() {
		return cust_id;
	}
	public void setCust_id(Long cust_id) {
		this.cust_id = cust_id;
	}
	public String getCust_name() {
		return cust_name;
	}
	public void setCust_name(String cust_name) {
		this.cust_name = cust_name;
	}
	public String getCust_source() {
		return cust_source;
	}
	public void setCust_source(String cust_source) {
		this.cust_source = cust_source;
	}
	public String getCust_industry() {
		return cust_industry;
	}
	public void setCust_industry(String cust_industry) {
		this.cust_industry = cust_industry;
	}
	public String getCust_level() {
		return cust_level;
	}
	public void setCust_level(String cust_level) {
		this.cust_level = cust_level;
	}
	public String getCust_phone() {
		return cust_phone;
	}
	public void setCust_phone(String cust_phone) {
		this.cust_phone = cust_phone;
	}
	public String getCust_mobile() {
		return cust_mobile;
	}
	public void setCust_mobile(String cust_mobile) {
		this.cust_mobile = cust_mobile;
	}
}

package com.aloha.hibernate.domain;


/**
 * 联系人的实体（多的实体类）
 * @author malaganguo
 *
 */
public class LinkMan {

	private Long lkm_id;
	private String lkm_name;
	private String lkm_gender;
	private String lkm_phone;
	private String lkm_mobile;
	private String lkm_email;
	private String lkm_qq;
	private String lkm_position;
	private String lkm_memo;
	private Customer customer;//提供一的实体类的对象及访问方法
	public Long getLkm_id() {
		return lkm_id;
	}
	public void setLkm_id(Long lkm_id) {
		this.lkm_id = lkm_id;
	}
	public String getLkm_name() {
		return lkm_name;
	}
	public void setLkm_name(String lkm_name) {
		this.lkm_name = lkm_name;
	}
	public String getLkm_gender() {
		return lkm_gender;
	}
	public void setLkm_gender(String lkm_gender) {
		this.lkm_gender = lkm_gender;
	}
	public String getLkm_phone() {
		return lkm_phone;
	}
	public void setLkm_phone(String lkm_phone) {
		this.lkm_phone = lkm_phone;
	}
	public String getLkm_mobile() {
		return lkm_mobile;
	}
	public void setLkm_mobile(String lkm_mobile) {
		this.lkm_mobile = lkm_mobile;
	}
	public String getLkm_email() {
		return lkm_email;
	}
	public void setLkm_email(String lkm_email) {
		this.lkm_email = lkm_email;
	}
	public String getLkm_qq() {
		return lkm_qq;
	}
	public void setLkm_qq(String lkm_qq) {
		this.lkm_qq = lkm_qq;
	}
	public String getLkm_position() {
		return lkm_position;
	}
	public void setLkm_position(String lkm_position) {
		this.lkm_position = lkm_position;
	}
	public String getLkm_memo() {
		return lkm_memo;
	}
	public void setLkm_memo(String lkm_memo) {
		this.lkm_memo = lkm_memo;
	}
	public Customer getCustomer() {
		return customer;
	}
	public void setCustomer(Customer customer) {
		this.customer = customer;
	}
	
}

多的一方映射创建LinkMan.hbm.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.LinkMan" table="cst_linkman">
		<id name="lkm_id" column="lkm_id">
			<generator class="native"/>
		</id>
		<property name="lkm_name"/>
		<property name="lkm_gender"/>
		<property name="lkm_phone"/>
		<property name="lkm_mobile"/>
		<property name="lkm_email"/>
		<property name="lkm_qq"/>
		<property name="lkm_position"/>
		<property name="lkm_memo"/>
		<!-- 配置多对一的关系
			name:一的一方对象的属性名称
			class:一的一方类的全路径
			column：多的一方外键名称
		 -->
		<many-to-one name="customer" class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.Customer" column="lkm_cust_id"></many-to-one>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

一的一方映射创建Customer.hbm.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>
	<class class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.Customer" table="cst_customer">
		<!-- 建立OID与主键的映射 -->
		<id name="cust_id" column="cust_id">
			<generator class="native"/>
		</id>
		<property name="cust_name" column="cust_name" />
		<property name="cust_source" column="cust_source" />
		<property name="cust_industry" column="cust_industry" />
		<property name="cust_level" column="cust_level" />
		<property name="cust_phone" column="cust_phone" />
		<property name="cust_mobile" column="cust_mobile" />
		
		<!-- 配置一对多的映射：放置多的一方的集合 -->
		<set name="linkMans">
			<key column="lkm_cust_id"/>
			<one-to-many class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.LinkMan"/>
		</set>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

测试类：

package com.aloha.hibernate.test1;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.aloha.hibernate.domain.Customer;
import com.aloha.hibernate.domain.LinkMan;
import com.aloha.hibernate.utils.HibernateUtils;

/**
 * 一对多的测试类
 * @author malaganguo
 *
 */
public class HibernateTest1 {

	@Test//保存2个客户和3个联系人并且建立好关系
	public void test1(){
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
		//创建2个客户
		Customer customer1 = new Customer();
		customer1.setCust_name("张毅飞");
		Customer customer2 = new Customer();
		customer2.setCust_name("王帅");
		
		//创建3个联系人
		LinkMan linkman1 = new LinkMan();
		linkman1.setLkm_name("李永娜");
		LinkMan linkman2 = new LinkMan();
		linkman2.setLkm_name("coco");
		LinkMan linkman3 = new LinkMan();
		linkman3.setLkm_name("尹姐");
		
		//设置关系
		linkman1.setCustomer(customer1);
		linkman2.setCustomer(customer1);
		linkman3.setCustomer(customer2);
		customer1.getLinkMans().add(linkman1);
		customer1.getLinkMans().add(linkman2);
		customer2.getLinkMans().add(linkman3);
		
		//保存数据
		session.save(customer1);
		session.save(customer2);
		session.save(linkman1);
		session.save(linkman2);
		session.save(linkman3);
		
		transaction.commit();
		
	}
}

结果：

这里演示的是我们已经创建了表，我们也可以将hibernate.cfg.xml中的自动更新改为create来自动创建表。

一对多关系不能只保存一边

demo：

	@Test//一对多的关系只保存一边是否可以
	public void test2(){
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
		Customer customer = new Customer();
		customer.setCust_name("张毅飞");
		
		LinkMan linkMan = new LinkMan();
		linkMan.setLkm_name("徐永娜");
		customer.getLinkMans().add(linkMan);
		linkMan.setCustomer(customer);
		
		//只保存一边是不可以的，会抛出一个瞬时对象异常：持久态对象关联了一个瞬时态对象
//		session.save(customer);
		session.save(linkMan);
		
		transaction.commit();
	}

不管保存哪一边，都会抛出瞬时对象异常，因为持久态对象不能关联瞬时态对象。

报出的错误：

所以一对多保存一边到底行不行？答案是：行！级联解决。

——级联操作

级联解决一对多单边保存的办法：在级联的一方的映射配置文件中加入属性 cascade="save-update"。对于多的一方，将cascade写在<many to one>标签中；对于一的一方，将cascade写在<set>标签中。

<many-to-one name="customer" cascade="save-update" class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.Customer" column="lkm_cust_id" ></many-to-one>

<set name="linkMans" cascade="save-update" >
			<key column="lkm_cust_id"/>
			<one-to-many class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.LinkMan"/>
		</set>

级联保存或更新

	@Test
	/**
	 * 测试对象导航
	 */
	public void test4(){
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
		Customer customer = new Customer();
		customer.setCust_name("张毅飞");
		
		LinkMan linkMan1 = new LinkMan();
		linkMan1.setLkm_name("徐永娜");
		LinkMan linkMan2 = new LinkMan();
		linkMan2.setLkm_name("Alice");
		LinkMan linkMan3 = new LinkMan();
		linkMan3.setLkm_name("Coco");
		
		linkMan1.setCustomer(customer);
		customer.getLinkMans().add(linkMan2);
		customer.getLinkMans().add(linkMan3);
		
//		session.save(linkMan1);//因为就级联，所以会产生4条insert语句
//		session.save(customer);//会产生3条insert语句，没有徐永娜
		session.save(linkMan3);//会产生1条insert语句，只有coco
		
		transaction.commit();
	}

没有客户的话，外键默认为null。

级联删除

删除一边，将另一边关联的一并删除。

在数据库中对于有外键的表记录删除是无法直接完成的。hibernate对于没有级联的默认删除可以删除对象并将所有有关外键置为null。

级联删除的配置：

在Customer.hbm.xml中和LinkMan.hbm.xml中的cascade属性中加入delete值即可：

<set name="linkMans" cascade="save-update,delete" >
			<key column="lkm_cust_id"/>
			<one-to-many class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.LinkMan"/>
		</set>

<many-to-one name="customer" cascade="save-update,delete" class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.Customer" column="lkm_cust_id" ></many-to-one>

但是实际是：删除联系人级联删除客户一般是不用的，不然就丢失客户了。

注意：删除时同样需要先查询后删除：

	@Test
	/**
	 * 级联删除多的一方
	 */
	public void test5(){
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
		Customer customer = session.get(Customer.class, 1l);
		session.delete(customer);
		
		transaction.commit();
	}

一对多设置双向关联会产生多余SQL语句

解决办法：

单向维护

让某一方放弃外键维护权（让一的一方） ——在一的一方的映射配置文件的<set>标签中加入属性：inverse="true"

		<set name="linkMans" cascade="save-update,delete" inverse="true" >
			<key column="lkm_cust_id"/>
			<one-to-many class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.LinkMan"/>
		</set>

区分inverse和save-update

hibernate的多对多关联映射

多对多实体创建和一对多类似，区别是多对多的实体里放的都是对方实例的集合。

创建两张具有多对多关系的表sys_user和sys_role 以及中间表sys_user_role。

Role的实体：

package com.aloha.hibernate.domain;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * 角色的实体
 * CREATE TABLE `sys_role` (
  `role_id` BIGINT(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `role_name` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '角色名称',
  `role_memo` VARCHAR(128) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '备注',
  PRIMARY KEY (`role_id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
 * @author malaganguo
 *
 */
public class Role {

	private Long role_id;
	private String role_name;
	private String role_memo;
	private Set<User> user = new HashSet<User>();
	public Set<User> getUser() {
		return user;
	}
	public void setUser(Set<User> user) {
		this.user = user;
	}
	public Long getRole_id() {
		return role_id;
	}
	public void setRole_id(Long role_id) {
		this.role_id = role_id;
	}
	public String getRole_name() {
		return role_name;
	}
	public void setRole_name(String role_name) {
		this.role_name = role_name;
	}
	public String getRole_memo() {
		return role_memo;
	}
	public void setRole_memo(String role_memo) {
		this.role_memo = role_memo;
	}
}

User的实体：

package com.aloha.hibernate.domain;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * 用户的实体
 * CREATE TABLE `sys_user` (
  `user_id` BIGINT(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '用户id',
  `user_code` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户账号',
  `user_name` VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名称',
  `user_password` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户密码',
  `user_state` CHAR(1) NOT NULL COMMENT '1:正常,0:暂停',
  PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
 * @author malaganguo
 *
 */
public class User {

	private Long user_id;
	private String user_code;
	private String user_name;
	private String user_password;
	private String user_state;
	private Set<Role> role = new HashSet<Role>();
	public Set<Role> getRole() {
		return role;
	}
	public void setRole(Set<Role> role) {
		this.role = role;
	}
	public Long getUser_id() {
		return user_id;
	}
	public void setUser_id(Long user_id) {
		this.user_id = user_id;
	}
	public String getUser_code() {
		return user_code;
	}
	public void setUser_code(String user_code) {
		this.user_code = user_code;
	}
	public String getUser_name() {
		return user_name;
	}
	public void setUser_name(String user_name) {
		this.user_name = user_name;
	}
	public String getUser_password() {
		return user_password;
	}
	public void setUser_password(String user_password) {
		this.user_password = user_password;
	}
	public String getUser_state() {
		return user_state;
	}
	public void setUser_state(String user_state) {
		this.user_state = user_state;
	}
	
}

Role.hbm.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.Role" table="sys_role">
		<id name="role_id" >
			<generator class="native" />
		</id>
		<property name="role_name" />
		<property name="role_memo" />
		
		<set name="user" table="sys_user_role" inverse="true">
			<key column="role_id"/>
			<many-to-many class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.User" column="user_id" />
		</set>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

User.hbm.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.User" table="sys_user">
		<id name="user_id" column="user_id">
			<generator class="native" />
		</id>
		
		<property name="user_code" />
		<property name="user_name" />
		<property name="user_password" />
		<property name="user_state" />
		
		<set name="role" table="sys_user_role">
			<key column="user_id" />
			<many-to-many class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.Role" column="role_id" />
		</set>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

再在hibernate-cfg.xml中插入两个mapping标签将两个配置文件引入：

<mapping resource="com/aloha/hibernate/domain/Role.hbm.xml"/>
<mapping resource="com/aloha/hibernate/domain/User.hbm.xml"/>

测试代码：

	@Test//多对多只保存一边可以不？   不可以
	public void test2(){
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
		User user = new User();
		user.setUser_name("麻辣坩埚");
		Role role = new Role();
		role.setRole_name("打野");
		
		user.getRole().add(role);
		role.getUser().add(user);
		
		session.save(user);
//		session.save(role);
		
		transaction.commit();
	}

会报出瞬时对象异常：

多对多使用级联保存更新

保存用户级联保存联系人：在用户的映射配置文件<set>中加入cascade="save-update"。

		<set name="role" table="sys_user_role" cascade="save-update">
			<key column="user_id" />
			<many-to-many class="com.aloha.hibernate.domain.Role" column="role_id" />
		</set>

以后上面的单方提交问题解决了。

多对多级联删除的使用场景基本没有，但是有这个功能

非要用的话，多对多的级联删除和一对多的级联删除写法是一样的，都是在在被删除类的映射配置文件中添加cascade="delete"属性，将外键维护权放弃inverse="false"。删除的代码和一对多一样。

多对多还有增加删除的操作，都是对集合操作的

	@Test//改选
	public void test4(){
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
		User user2 = session.get(User.class, 2l);
		
		Role role2 = session.get(Role.class, 2l);
		Role role4 = session.get(Role.class, 4l);
		//把岳云鹏的演员删除，改成导演
		user2.getRole().remove(role2);
		user2.getRole().add(role4);
		
		transaction.commit();
	}

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hibernate表操作&多对多关系学习笔记

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