opencv-python图像处理4

直方图

获取直方图

 cv.calcHist()

np.histogram()

例子

import numpy as np
import cv2 as cv
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
img = cv.imread('home.jpg',0)
plt.hist(img.ravel(),256,[0,256]); plt.show()

对每个通道画图

import numpy as np
import cv2 as cv
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
img = cv.imread('home.jpg')
color = ('b','g','r')
for i,col in enumerate(color):
    histr = cv.calcHist([img],[i],None,[256],[0,256])
    plt.plot(histr,color = col)
    plt.xlim([0,256])
plt.show()

应用遮挡框架

img = cv.imread('home.jpg',0)
# create a mask
mask = np.zeros(img.shape[:2], np.uint8)
mask[100:300, 100:400] = 255
masked_img = cv.bitwise_and(img,img,mask = mask)
# Calculate histogram with mask and without mask
# Check third argument for mask
hist_full = cv.calcHist([img],[0],None,[256],[0,256])
hist_mask = cv.calcHist([img],[0],mask,[256],[0,256])
plt.subplot(221), plt.imshow(img, 'gray')
plt.subplot(222), plt.imshow(mask,'gray')
plt.subplot(223), plt.imshow(masked_img, 'gray')
plt.subplot(224), plt.plot(hist_full), plt.plot(hist_mask)
plt.xlim([0,256])
plt.show()

将图像调整到曝光正常

import numpy as np
import cv2 as cv
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
img = cv.imread('wiki.jpg',0)
hist,bins = np.histogram(img.flatten(),256,[0,256])
cdf = hist.cumsum()
cdf_normalized = cdf * float(hist.max()) / cdf.max()
plt.plot(cdf_normalized, color = 'b')
plt.hist(img.flatten(),256,[0,256], color = 'r')
plt.xlim([0,256])
plt.legend(('cdf','histogram'), loc = 'upper left')
plt.show()

cdf_m = np.ma.masked_equal(cdf,0)
cdf_m = (cdf_m - cdf_m.min()