opencv-python机器学习

1 K近邻

1.1 理解K近邻

重要函数

knn = cv.ml.KNearest_create()
knn.train(trainData, cv.ml.ROW_SAMPLE, responses)
ret, results, neighbours ,dist = knn.findNearest(newcomer, 3)

https://docs.opencv.org/3.4/d5/d26/tutorial_py_knn_understanding.html

1.2 例子：使用K近邻对手写数字OCR识别

import numpy as np
import cv2 as cv
img = cv.imread('digits.png')
gray = cv.cvtColor(img,cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# Now we split the image to 5000 cells, each 20x20 size
cells = [np.hsplit(row,100) for row in np.vsplit(gray,50)]
# Make it into a Numpy array. It size will be (50,100,20,20)
x = np.array(cells)
# Now we prepare train_data and test_data.
train = x[:,:50].reshape(-1,400).astype(np.float32) # Size = (2500,400)
test = x[:,50:100].reshape(-1,400).astype(np.float32) # Size = (2500,400)
# Create labels for train and test data
k = np.arange(10)
train_labels = np.repeat(k,250)[:,np.newaxis]
test_labels = train_labels.copy()
# Initiate kNN, train the data, then test it with test data for k=1
knn = cv.ml.KNearest_create()
knn.train(train, cv.ml.ROW_SAMPLE, train_labels)
ret,result,neighbours,dist = knn.findNearest(test,k=5)
# Now we check the accuracy of classification
# For that, compare the result with test_labels and check which are wrong
matches = result==test_labels
correct = np.count_nonzero(matches)
accuracy = correct*100.0/result.size
print( accuracy )

1.3 例子：使用K近邻对手写字母OCR识别

import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np
# Load the data, converters convert the letter to a number
data= np.loadtxt('letter-recognition.data', dtype= 'float32', delimiter = ',',
                    converters= {
   0: lambda ch: ord(ch)-ord