如何基于matlab软件读取sac文件中的地震数据

本文介绍如何利用MATLAB中的rsaca函数读取SAC地震数据文件。通过示例代码,展示了如何处理不同字节序的SAC文件,并将数据转换为变量data。rsaca函数会检查文件头并确保正确读取数据。
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如果你要读取的sac文件名是“1.sac”,那么主程序仅有如下一行代码,即可将sac中的地震数据读取到变量data中。

data = rsaca(‘1.sac’);

其中,子函数rsaca的代码如下:

function [varargout] = rsaca(varargin)
endian = ‘big-endian’;
endian = ‘little-endian’;
for nrecs = 1:nargin
sacfile = varargin{nrecs};
if strcmp(endian,‘big-endian’)
fid = fopen(sacfile,‘r’,‘ieee-be’);
elseif strcmp(endian,‘little-endian’)
fid = fopen(sacfile,‘r’,‘ieee-le’);
end
for trial = 1:2
sprintf(‘debug: trial=%d’, trial);
for i=1:70
h(i) = fread(fid,1,‘single’);
end
for i=71:105
h(i) = fread(fid,1,‘int32’);
end
if (h(77) == 4 | h(77) == 5)
message = strcat(‘NVHDR = 4 or 5. File: "’,sacfile,‘" may be from an old version of SAC.’);
error(message)
elseif h(77) ~= 6
if (trial == 2)
message &

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% Known encoding formats are the following FDSN codes: % 0: ASCII % 1: 16-bit integer % 2: 24-bit integer (untested) % 3: 32-bit integer % 4: IEEE float32 % 5: IEEE float64 % 10: Steim-1 % 11: Steim-2 % 12: GEOSCOPE 24-bit (untested) % 13: GEOSCOPE 16/3-bit gain ranged % 14: GEOSCOPE 16/4-bit gain ranged (untested) % 19: Steim-3 (alpha and untested) % % See also MKMSEED to export data in miniSEED format. % % % Author: Franois Beauducel % Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris % Created: 2010-09-17 % Updated: 2012-04-21 % % Acknowledgments: % Ljupco Jordanovski, Jean-Marie Saurel, Mohamed Boubacar, Jonathan Berger, % Shahid Ullah. % % References: % IRIS (2010), SEED Reference Manual: SEED Format Version 2.4, May 2010, % IFDSN/IRIS/USGS, http://www.iris.edu % Trabant C. (2010), libmseed: the Mini-SEED library, IRIS DMC. % Steim J.M. (1994), 'Steim' Compression, Quanterra Inc. % History: % [2012-04-21] % - Correct bug with Steim + little-endian coding % (thanks to Shahid Ullah) % [2012-03-21] % - Adds IDs for warning messages % [2011-11-10] % - Correct bug with multiple channel name length (thanks to % Jonathan Berger) % [2011-10-27] % - Add LocationIdentifier to X.ChannelFullName % [2011-10-24] % - Validation of IEEE double encoding (with PQL) % - Import/plot data even with file integrity problem (like PQL) % [2011-07-21] % - Validation of ASCII encoding format (logs) % - Blockettes are now stored in substructures below a single % field X.BLOCKETTES % - Add import of blockettes 500 and 2000 % - Accept multi-channel files with various data coding % [2010-10-16] % - Alpha-version of Steim-3 decoding... % - Extend output parameters with channel detection % - Add gaps and overlaps on plots % - Add possibility to force the plot % [2010-10-02] % - Add the input formats for GEOSCOPE multiplexed old data files % - Additional output argument with gap and overlap analysis % - Create a plot when no output argument are specified % - Optimize script coding (30 times faster STEIM decoding!) % % [2010-09-28] % - Correction of a problem with STEIM-1 nibble 3 decoding (one % 32-bit difference) % - Add reading of files without blockette 1000 with additional % input arguments (like Seismic Handler output files). % - Uses warning() function instead of fprintf().

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