网络编程
1.1、概述
**地球村:**你在西安,你有一个美国朋友!
计算机网络:
计算机网络,是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的:
无线电台、传播交流信息、数据交换、通信
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
- 如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机192.168.16.105 端口:定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
- 找到了这个主机,如何传输数据呢?
javaweb:网页编程 b/s
网络编程:TCP/IP c/s
1.2、网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方地址:
- ip
- 端口号
- 192.168.16.124:5900
规则:网络通信协议
TCP/IP参考模型
小结:
- 网络编程中有两个主要的问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
- 找到主机只后如何进行通信
- 网络编程中的要素
- ip和端口号 Ip
- 网络通信协议 dup、tcp
- 万物皆对象
1.3、IP
IP地址:InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上计算机
-
127.0.0.1 本机 localhost
-
IP地址的分类
- IPV4 127.0.0.1 四个字节组成。0-255 42亿 ; 30亿都在北美,亚洲4亿。
- IPV6 128位。8个无符号整数!
2001:4544:aaaa:8888:0000:0000:1aaaa:1252
- 公网-私网
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xx.xx专门给组织内部使用的
- 域名:记忆IP问题!
import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.UnknownHostException; //测试ip public class Demo01 { public static void main(String[] args) { try { //查询本机地址 InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("172.0.0.1"); System.out.println(inetAddress1); InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost"); System.out.println(inetAddress1); InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); System.out.println(inetAddress1); //查询网络ip得知 InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com"); System.out.println(inetAddress2); //常用方法 System.out.println("===================="); System.out.println(inetAddress4.getAddress()); System.out.println(inetAddress4.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字 System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostAddress());//ip System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostName());//域名,或者自己的电脑名字 } catch (UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
1.4、端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程:
- 不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
- 被规定0-65535
- TCP,UDP:65535*2 tcp:80 udp:80 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
- 端口分类:
- 公有端口0-1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
- 程序注册端口:1024-49151,分配用户或者程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
- 动态、私有:49152-65535
- 公有端口0-1023
java
netstat -ano#查看所有的端口
netstat -ano|findstr “5900” #查看指定的端口
tasklist|findstr “15600” #查看指定端口的进程
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress);
System.out.println(socketAddress2);
System.out.println("=============");
System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());
System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//地址
System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口
}
}
1.5、通信协议
协议:约定、就好比我们现在说的普通话。
**网络通信协议:**速率,传输速率,代码结构,传输控制…
**问题:**非常的复杂?
大事化小:分层!
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据协议
出名的协议:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- IP:网络互联协议
TCP UDP对比
TCP:打电话
- 连接:稳定
- 三次握手,四次挥手
- 客户端、服务端
- 传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务端,并没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
- 导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击!(饱和攻击)
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接!
A:你瞅啥?
B:瞅你咋地
A:干一场!
四次挥手!
A:我不说了
B:明白,但我还有话要说(巴拉巴拉说完后)
B:我也说完了
A:明白,再见了。
1.6、TCP
客户端
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket =null;
OutputStream os =null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址,端口号
InetAddress serverIp = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9086;
//2.创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIp,port);
//3.发送消息 IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,世界!".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket =null;
Socket socket =null;
InputStream is =null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos =null;
try {
//1.我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9086);
while(true){
//2.等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int count;
while((count=is.read(buf))!=-1){
baos.write(buf,0,count);
}
System.out.println(baos);
}
/*
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int count;
while((count=is.read(buf))!=-1){
System.out.println(new String(buf,0,count));
}
*/
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
//关闭资源
if(baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
服务器端
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//3.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg" ));
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int count;
while((count=is.read(buf))!=-1){
fos.write(buf,0,count);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
//4.关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
客户端
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.创建一个socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取客户端消息
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("001.jpg"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int count;
while((count=fis.read(buf))!=-1){
os.write(buf,0,count);
}
//通知服务器我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buf2 = new byte[1024];
int count2;
while((count2=inputStream.read(buf2))!=-1){
baos.write(buf2,0,count2);
}
System.out.println(baos);
//5.关闭资源
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义S
- Tomcatt服务器S:Java后台开发!
客户端
- 自定义C
- 浏览器B
1.7、UDP
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方地址!
发送端
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
//不需要连接
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.创建一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg = "你好啊,服务器!";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//数据、数据的长度起始,要发给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
//还是要等待客户端的连接!
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接受
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
咨询
循环发送消息
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据:控制台读取 System.in
//InputStreamReader 桥转换流(可将字节流转换成字符流)
//BufferedReader 字符缓冲流
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while(true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
循环接收消息
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while(true){
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
在线咨询:两个人都可以是发送方,也都可以是接收方!
TalkSend
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket =null;
BufferedReader reader =null;
//己方地址,对方地址、端口号
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
TalkReceive
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket =null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
try {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
TalkStudent
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
TalkTeacher
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
1.8、URL
https://www.baidu.com
统一资源定位符:定位资源,定位互联网上的某一个资源
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("https://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=kong&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件
System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
}
}
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("https://localhost:8080/kong/SecrityFile.txt");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream is = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("SecurityFile.txt");
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=is.read(buf))!=-1){
fos.write(buf,0,len);
}
fos.close();
is.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}