Newton法结合二分法 一元非线性方程求根

Newton法结合二分法 一元非线性方程求根

实验代码

/*
	本代码采用Newton法结合二分法求解方程：f(x) = e^x - 3 x * x 在区间[a, b]上的根
	精度要求：5位有效数字
	Author：gzx
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#define Maxrept 1000			//最大迭代次数
#define Eps 1e-8				//定义全局小量
using namespace std;

double function1(double x) {	//求解函数值
	double y = exp(x) - 3 * x * x;
	return y;
}

double function2(double x) {	//求解导函数值
	double y = exp(x) - 6 * x;
	return y;
}

double function3(double b) {		//Newton法求解下一迭代点
	double x = b - function1(b) / function2(b);
	return x;
}

int sign1(double d) {				//判断数值符号
	return d < -Eps ? -1 : 1;
}

char sign2(double d) {				//以字符形式返回数值正负情况
	return sign1(d) == 1 ? '+' : '-';
}

int main() {
	double a, b, c;
	double ya, yb, yc;
	double eps = 1e-5;
	int k = 0;					//计数器
	cout << "供参考实数根：x1 = -0.458962	x2 = 0.910008	 x3 = 3.73308" << endl;
	do {						//输入并判断区间合理性
		cout << "请输入搜索区间[a, b]: " << endl;
		cin >> a >> b;
		ya = function1(a);
		yb = function1(b);
		if (sign1(ya) == sign1(yb)) {
			cout << "区间输入不合理，f(a)*f(b) > 0";
		}
		else {
			break;
		}
	} while (true);
	cout << "k	ak			bk			ck" << endl;
	do {
		c = function3(b);
		if (c <= a || c >= b) {			//Newton法与二分法的选用
			c = a - (a - b) / 2.0;		//防止溢出
		}
		ya = function1(a);
		yb = function1(b);
		yc = function1(c);
		k++;
		cout << k << "	";
		printf("%lf(%c)		", a, sign2(ya));
		printf("%lf(%c)		", b, sign2(yb));
		printf("%lf(%c)		\n", c, sign2(yc));
		if (sign1(ya) == sign1(yc)) {
			a = c;
		}
		else {
			b = c;
		}
	} while (abs(b - a) > eps && k < Maxrept);
	cout << "求解值为：x = " << c << ",共迭代：" << k << "次,f(x) = " << yc << endl;

	cout << "注：括号内为f(x)的正负" << endl;
	return 0;
}

实验结果

供参考实数根：x1 = -0.458962    x2 = 0.910008    x3 = 3.73308
请输入搜索区间[a, b]:
-2 0.5
k       ak                      bk                      ck
1       -2.000000(-)            0.500000(+)             -0.750000(-)
2       -0.750000(-)            0.500000(+)             -0.125000(+)
3       -0.750000(-)            -0.125000(+)            -0.636867(-)
4       -0.636867(-)            -0.125000(+)            -0.380934(+)
5       -0.636867(-)            -0.380934(+)            -0.464432(-)
6       -0.464432(-)            -0.380934(+)            -0.422683(+)
7       -0.464432(-)            -0.422683(+)            -0.460066(-)
8       -0.460066(-)            -0.422683(+)            -0.441374(+)
9       -0.460066(-)            -0.441374(+)            -0.459214(-)
10      -0.459214(-)            -0.441374(+)            -0.450294(+)
11      -0.459214(-)            -0.450294(+)            -0.459023(-)
12      -0.459023(-)            -0.450294(+)            -0.454658(+)
13      -0.459023(-)            -0.454658(+)            -0.458977(-)
14      -0.458977(-)            -0.454658(+)            -0.456818(+)
15      -0.458977(-)            -0.456818(+)            -0.458966(-)
16      -0.458966(-)            -0.456818(+)            -0.457892(+)
17      -0.458966(-)            -0.457892(+)            -0.458963(-)
18      -0.458963(-)            -0.457892(+)            -0.458428(+)
19      -0.458963(-)            -0.458428(+)            -0.458962(-)
20      -0.458962(-)            -0.458428(+)            -0.458695(+)
21      -0.458962(-)            -0.458695(+)            -0.458962(-)
22      -0.458962(-)            -0.458695(+)            -0.458829(+)
23      -0.458962(-)            -0.458829(+)            -0.458962(-)
24      -0.458962(-)            -0.458829(+)            -0.458895(+)
25      -0.458962(-)            -0.458895(+)            -0.458962(-)
26      -0.458962(-)            -0.458895(+)            -0.458929(+)
27      -0.458962(-)            -0.458929(+)            -0.458962(+)
求解值为：x = -0.458962,共迭代：27次,f(x) = -2.99361e-09
注：括号内为f(x)的正负