7.6.1 MyBatis 一对一关联

一对一级联关系在现实生活中是十分常见的，例如一个大学生只有一个学号，一个学号只属于一个学生。同样，人与身份证也是一对一的级联关系。

在 MyBatis 中，通过 <resultMap> 元素的子元素 <association> 处理一对一级联关系。

以下使用学生与学生卡编写示例，一个学生有一张学生卡。

java 持久对象：

public class Student {
    int id;
    String name;
    private StudentCard studentCard;
}

public class StudentCard {
    private int id;
    private int number;
}

查询

一对一关联查询可采用以下两种方式：

• 单步查询，通过关联查询实现
• 分步查询，通过两次或多次查询，为一对一关系的实体 Bean 赋值

单步查询

<!-- StudentMapper.xml  -->
<mapper namespace="cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper">
    <resultMap type="Student" id="cardAndStu11">
        <id property="id" column="id"/>
        <result property="name" column="name"/>
        <!-- 一对一级联查询 -->
        <association property="studentCard" javaType="StudentCard">
            <id property="id" column="id"/>
            <result property="number" column="number"/>
        </association>
    </resultMap>

    <select id="getStudentById" parameterType="int" resultMap="cardAndStu11">
        select s.*, sc.*
        from student s,
             student_card sc
        where s.card_id = sc.id
          and s.id = #{id}
    </select>
    ...
</mapper>

测试代码如下：

Student studentById = mapper.getStudentById(id);

log.info("find {} by id={}", studentById, id);
return studentById;

输出结果：

17:40:13.257 [main] DEBUG cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper.getStudentById - ==> Preparing: select s., sc. from student s, student_card sc where s.card_id = sc.id and s.id = ?
17:40:13.326 [main] DEBUG cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper.getStudentById - > Parameters: 7(Integer)
17:40:13.382 [main] DEBUG cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper.getStudentById - < Total: 1
17:40:13.383 [main] INFO cn.dt.mybatis.TestStudent - find Student(id=7, name=dt, studentCard=StudentCard(id=7, number=1)) by id=7

分步查询

<!-- StudentCardMapper.xml  -->
<mapper namespace="cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentCardMapper">
    <select id="selectStudentCardById" resultType="StudentCard">
        select *
        from student_card
        where id = #{id}
    </select>
</mapper>

<!-- StudentMapper.xml  -->
<mapper namespace="cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper">
    <resultMap type="Student" id="cardAndStu11">
        <id property="id" column="id"/>
        <result property="name" column="name"/>
        <!-- 一对一级联查询 -->
        <association property="studentCard"
                     javaType="StudentCard"
                     column="card_id"
                     select="cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentCardMapper.selectStudentCardById">
        </association>
    </resultMap>

    <select id="getStudentById" parameterType="int" resultMap="cardAndStu11">
        select s.*
        from student s
        where s.id = #{id}
    </select>
    ...
</mapper>

测试代码如下：

Student studentById = mapper.getStudentById(id);

log.info("find {} by id={}", studentById, id);
return studentById;

输出结果：

18:00:42.892 [main] DEBUG cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper.getStudentById- ==> Preparing: select s.* from student s where s.id = ?
18:00:42.955 [main] DEBUG cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper.getStudentById - ==> Parameters: 7(Integer)
18:00:42.994 [main] DEBUG cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentCardMapper.selectStudentCardById - ==> Preparing: select * from student_card where id = ?
18:00:42.995 [main] DEBUG cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentCardMapper.selectStudentCardById - > Parameters: 1(Integer)
18:00:42.998 [main] DEBUG cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentCardMapper.selectStudentCardById - < Total: 1
18:00:42.999 [main] DEBUG cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper.getStudentById - < Total: 1
18:00:42.999 [main] INFO cn.dt.mybatis.TestStudent - find Student(id=7, name=dt, studentCard=StudentCard(id=1, number=1)) by id=7

使用级联对象更新

映射文件如下：

<!-- StudentMapper.xml  -->
<mapper namespace="cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper">
    ...
    <insert id="insertStudent" parameterType="Student" keyProperty="id" useGeneratedKeys="true">
        insert into student(name, card_id)
        values (#{name}, #{studentCard.id})
    </insert>
    ...
</mapper>

测试代码如下：

StudentCard studentCard = studentCardMapper.selectStudentCardById(1);

Student s = new Student();

s.setName("dt");
s.setStudentCard(studentCard);

mapper.insertStudent(s);

log.info("inserted {}", s);

输入结果：

18:09:42.957 [main] DEBUG cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper.insertStudent - ==> Preparing: insert into student(name, card_id) values (?, ?)
18:09:42.958 [main] DEBUG cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper.insertStudent - > Parameters: dt(String), 1(Integer)
18:09:42.962 [main] DEBUG cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper.insertStudent - < Updates: 1
18:09:42.966 [main] DEBUG cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper.getStudentById - ==> Preparing: select s.* from student s where s.id = ?
18:09:42.966 [main] DEBUG cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper.getStudentById - ==> Parameters: 9(Integer)
18:09:42.970 [main] DEBUG cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentCardMapper.selectStudentCardById - ==> Preparing: select * from student_card where id = ?
18:09:42.971 [main] DEBUG cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentCardMapper.selectStudentCardById - > Parameters: 1(Integer)
18:09:42.973 [main] DEBUG cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentCardMapper.selectStudentCardById - < Total: 1
18:09:42.974 [main] DEBUG cn.dt.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper.getStudentById - < Total: 1
18:09:42.974 [main] INFO cn.dt.mybatis.TestStudent - find Student(id=9, name=dt, studentCard=StudentCard(id=1, number=1)) by id=9
18:09:42.975 [main] INFO cn.dt.mybatis.TestStudent - inserted Student(id=9, name=dt, studentCard=StudentCard(id=1, number=1))