TCP粘包和拆包解决方案(补充)
- 使用自定义协议 + 编解码器来解决
- 关键就是要解决服务器端每次读取数据长度的问题,这个问题解决,就不会出现服务器多读或少读数据的问题,从而避免的TCP粘包、拆包。
- 可以利用靠谱的解码器(在其他编解码器中提现过)
- 按照换行符切割报文: LineBasedFrameDecoder
- 按照自定义分隔符符号切割报文: DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder
- 按照固定长度切割报文: FixedLenghtFrameDecoder
- 基于数据包长度切割报文: LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder
- 这些解决方案全被封装到了handler中,我们可以基于Netty的责任链模式,进行如下调用即可(直接ChildHandler里面pipeline.addLast)
具体事例
- 要求客户端发送5个Message对象,客户端每次发送一个Message对象
- 服务器端每次接收一个Message,分5次进行解码,每读取到一个Message,会回复一个Message对象给客户端
- 核心代码
public class MessageProtocol {
private int len; //关键
private byte[] content;
public int getLen() {return len;}
public void setLen(int len) { this.len = len;}
public byte[] getContent() {return content;}
public void setContent(byte[] content) {this.content = content;}
}
public class MyClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<MessageProtocol> {
private int count;
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
//使用客户端发送10条数据 "今天天气冷,吃火锅" 编号
for(int i = 0; i< 5; i++) {
String mes = "今天天气冷,吃火锅";
byte[] content = mes.getBytes(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
int length = mes.getBytes(Charset.forName("utf-8")).length;
//创建协议包对象
MessageProtocol messageProtocol = new MessageProtocol();
messageProtocol.setLen(length);
messageProtocol.setContent(content);
ctx.writeAndFlush(messageProtocol);
}
}
// @Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageProtocol msg) throws Exception {
int len = msg.getLen();
byte[] content = msg.getContent();
System.out.println("客户端接收到消息如下");
System.out.println("长度=" + len);
System.out.println("内容=" + new String(content, Charset.forName("utf-8")));
System.out.println("客户端接收消息数量=" + (++this.count));
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
System.out.println("异常消息=" + cause.getMessage());
ctx.close();
}
}
public class MyMessageDecoder extends ReplayingDecoder<Void> {
@Override
protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception {
System.out.println("MyMessageDecoder decode 被调用");
//需要将得到二进制字节码-> MessageProtocol 数据包(对象)
int length = in.readInt();
byte[] content = new byte[length];
in.readBytes(content);
//封装成 MessageProtocol 对象,放入 out, 传递下一个handler业务处理
MessageProtocol messageProtocol = new MessageProtocol();
messageProtocol.setLen(length);
messageProtocol.setContent(content);
out.add(messageProtocol);
}
}
public class MyMessageEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder<MessageProtocol> {
@Override
protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageProtocol msg, ByteBuf out) throws Exception {
System.out.println("MyMessageEncoder encode 方法被调用");
out.writeInt(msg.getLen());
out.writeBytes(msg.getContent());
}
}
public class MyServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<MessageProtocol>{
private int count;
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
//cause.printStackTrace();
ctx.close();
}
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageProtocol msg) throws Exception {
//接收到数据,并处理
int len = msg.getLen();
byte[] content = msg.getContent();
System.out.println();
System.out.println();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("服务器接收到信息如下");
System.out.println("长度=" + len);
System.out.println("内容=" + new String(content, Charset.forName("utf-8")));
System.out.println("服务器接收到消息包数量=" + (++this.count));
//回复消息
String responseContent = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
int responseLen = responseContent.getBytes("utf-8").length;
byte[] responseContent2 = responseContent.getBytes("utf-8");
//构建一个协议包
MessageProtocol messageProtocol = new MessageProtocol();
messageProtocol.setLen(responseLen);
messageProtocol.setContent(responseContent2);
ctx.writeAndFlush(messageProtocol);
}
}