英语语法学习 - 每周更新学英语知识点

目录

询问 Would

Some用法 

Any用法 

数量限定词 

数量限定词之 all 和 both

Everybody/Everyone

不定代词指代人

不定代词搭配“else”用法 

bring

It takes time to ...

强调副词  very / a bit / so / quite / really

 want

 Do/Does

let's

shall 

from +  某个时间点 + to + 另一个时间点

until + 某个具体时间点 

代词/主语 + was/were + born in ...

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询问 Would

would + 主语 + like noun/to do?   询问他人意愿

Would you like dinner？

Would you like meat?

Would they like to hava roasted vegetables,then?

What + would + 主语 + like (+ to do) ?   询问他人的意愿

What would you like to eat?

讲解

这句话使用了 what + would + 主语 + like + 动词不定式 (to do) 的结构来询问对方想要吃什么。

us 和 them 都宾格

主语 + would like + 名词，表达想要某物的意愿

She would like healthy food

I woukd like fish

would like + 名词/动词不定式

would love to + do 来强调喜好 

主语 + would + love + to +动词

使用wouldn't 来表示不愿意

主语 + wouldn't + 动词

I would love to see a movie with you,but I wouldn't like to see a love story.

我很想和你一起看电影，但是我不想看爱情故事

否定句中，主语 + don’t/doesn't like + 动名词(doing) / 不定式 (to do) 表达不喜欢做某事

She doesn't like staying at home.She likes to go fishing.

她不喜欢呆在家里。她喜欢去钓鱼

语法讲解 

以下几种情况使用would

1、用would表达假设或者想象中可能发生的情况

He would be a great president.

他也许能成为一个很棒的总统。
 

2、用wouldn't 表达假设或者想象中不可能发生的情况

She's been busy lately.She wouldn't hava time for your party.

她最近太忙了，不可能有时间去你的派对。
 

3、用 would/wouldn't 来表达 喜好/不喜好

I would love to have a cup of tea.

我很想喝一杯茶

I wouldn't want any meat.

我不想吃肉
 

4、用 would 来征询意见和提问喜好

What would you like for dinner?

你晚上想吃什么？

Would you like some tea?

你想要一些茶吗？

Some用法 

1、肯定句中使用some，表示“一些”

I want some ice cream.

我想要一些冰激凌
 

2、Some用在表示请求和建议的疑问句中

Would you like some popcorn?

你要一些爆米花吗？（表示建议）

Can I get some help？

能帮帮我吗？ （表示请求）
 

3、Some也可以独立使用，后面不接名词，指代之前提到的复述名词和不可数名词

A: Do you like sweet food?

你喜欢甜食吗？

B：I like some but not all.

我喜欢一些，但不是全部

这里的"I like some"中的some代指上文提到的不可数名词 “sweet food”

Any用法 

1、Any用于否定句和疑问句中 
I can't drink any alcohol this month

这个月我一点酒都不能喝。（any 在否定句中的用法）

Do you have any brothers or sisters?

你有兄弟姐妹吗？ （any 在疑问句中用法）

2、Any 也可以独立使用，后面不接名词，指代之前提到的可数名词复数形式和不可数名词
A：Do you play sports?

你参加体育运动吗
B: I don't play any but I watch some.
我不参加，但是我看比赛
这句话中的any和some都是指代上文的sports

数量限定词 

常见的数量限定词：none，a few，some，most，a lot of，all，both等
1、数量限定词 + 名词
Most people speak English.

大多数人都说英语

I need some money

我需要一些钱

2、数量限定词 + of + 物主代词/指定代词/冠词 + 名词
I like some of her books.

我喜欢她的一些书
Most of the people here don't speak English

这里的大多数人都不说英语
I need some of your money
我需要一些你的钱

3、数量限定词 + of + 人称代词宾格（it/us/them/you）
all of them 他们所有人
most of us 我们中大部分人

数量限定词之 all 和 both

both 谈论两个人或事物
all 谈论三个或者三个以上的人或事物

1、用both谈论两个人或者两个物体
China is big.The United States is big.
中国很大。美国很大
Both countries are big.

两个国家都很大

2、all 谈论 三个或者三个以上的物体
All humans need water to live.
所有的人都需要水才能生活
Not all water is safe to drink
不是所有的水都可以安全饮用

3、为了使描述更具体，我们使用 both / all + of + 修饰词(the/my/this等) + 名词或者
both/all + of + 人称代词宾格
Both of my parents live in China

我父母两人都在住在中国
Both of these shirts are too small for me

这两件衬衫对我来说都太小了
Don't drink all of your soda.It's unhealthy

别把你的苏打水喝光。那不健康。

I like all of her books
我喜欢她全部的书

需要注意的是 both 只能修饰可数名词复数形式   

Everybody/Everyone

Everybody/Everyone + 动词 【单数形式】

Everybody knows him.

Everyone knows him.
 

Nobody/No one + 动词 【单数形式】

Nobody listens to him.

No one listens to him.
 

Nobody/No one + 补语短语 + 动词 【单数形式】

No one in my family eats meat.
 

使用 everybody/everyone + 动词第三人称 单数形式 表示某个人做了某事。因此，一般疑问句用do的第三人称单数形式 does 开头。

Does everyone like chocolate?

不定代词指代人

语法讲解
我们在部分语境中使用 anyone/anybody 和someone/somebody 指代不明确的人物。

Anyone/anybody 通常被用于疑问句或者否定句中

Someone/somebody 通常被用于肯定句中

我们通常将它们作为宾语使用:

I don't know anybody here

我不认识这里的任何人。

Do you know anyone who could help me?
你知道有谁可以帮我吗?

Sure,I know someone. Her name is Erica

当然，我知道有个人可以帮你。她的名字是艾瑞卡。

I want to dance with somebody.
我想和别人跳舞

为了使描述更具体，我们可以在anyone/anybody/somebody/someone 之后加上to +verb.

I need somebody to love.
我需要去爱某个人。

I want to go to the theater, but I don't have anvbody to invite.
我想去看电影，但我不知道邀请谁

Now that my kids are gone, I don't have anyone to cook for.
我的孩子们不在之后，我没有可以给做饭的人。

我们也可以在anyone/anybody/somebody/someone 加上介词短语:

I met somebody from England yesterday.
我昨天遇到了一个来自英格兰的人。

There is someone in my house.
有人在我的房子里。

No one/nobody = not + anyone/anybody
No one is here. = There isn't anyone hereNobody is here. = There isn't anybody here

不定代词搭配“else”用法 

语法讲解
我们使用 something/anything 来指代不确定或者无法定义的事物。
我们在不定代词后使用 else，指代与我们之前提到过的不一样的人或物。
例如:
I don't like studying Japanese. I want to study something else.
我不喜欢学日语，我想学一点其他的东西

语法讲解
1.不定代词用法总结
用于指代不确定或者无法定义的事物:
something (用于肯定句) ; anything (用于否定句和大多数疑问句)
用于指代不明确的人: someone/somebody(用于肯定句);anyone/anybody (用于否定句和大多数疑问句)
表示每个人: everyone/everybody
表示没有人: no one/nobody

2.不定代词 +else
我们在不定代词后使用 else，指代与我们之前提到过的不一样的人或物。
something/anything + else
什么别的东西
someone/somebody/anyone/anybody + else
什么别的人
everyone/everybody + else
除....外，每个人都...
no one/nobody + else
除.....外，没有人....

bring

bring

v.拿来，带来；带到

固定搭配：

to bring somebody something

带给某人某物
 

Could you please bring me a sandwich？

请问可以给我带一个三明治吗？
 

to bring something to

将某物带到某处
 

He brought a friend to the party

他将一个朋友带到了聚会上
 

to bring something with you

将某物带在你身边

Don't forget to bring the book with you

别忘记把这本书带在身上

It takes time to ...

做某事需要花很长时间

1、It takes + somebody + 具体时间 + to do something
2、It takes + 具体时间 + for somebody to do something

It takes us  30 minutes to drive home

我们开车回家需要30分钟

It takes a day for the paint to dry
油漆干透需要一整天时间

It takes me an hour to get there by bus
我坐公交车去那里需要花一小时 

强调副词  very / a bit / so / quite / really

通常将强调副词放在某个形容词之前，用来表示强调
very,really,so 很，非常 （程度最深）
quite 相当 （程度次之）

a bit  稍微 （程度最弱）

very和really区别
均可以用在形容词或副词前，但只有really可以用在动词前，起到加深动词程度的作用
The sandwich is very/really delicious
I really like the picture

a bit 和 a bit of 区别
A bit 为程度副词，可以加深形容词的程度
I'm a bit hungry

A bit of 为数量限定词，后面跟名词
I need a lot of help

 want

主语 + want(s) to + 动词，表示将来做某事的意图或者愿望
I don't want to go to school
No,he doesn't want to come
Everybody wants to see that one
Do you want to go somewhere this weekend,Tom?

 Do/Does

 Do/Does + you/he/she + want to + 动词？询问他人意愿
Where do you want to go?
Where do you want to stay?

let's

 Let's + 动词原形，第一人称复数祈使，用来提出建议
Let's go to the city.
Let's go to the movies.
Let's go camping.

shall 

表示建议做某事
Shall we invite a friend?
Shall we go to see the movie together?
Shall we go to the beach? 

 

from +  某个时间点 + to + 另一个时间点

He lived in China from 1954 to 1976 

I lived there from 1954 to 1976, until I was 22 

 

until + 某个具体时间点 

He lived there until he was 22.

I lived there from 1954 to 1976, until I was 22 

 

代词/主语 + was/were + born in ...

I was born in a big city in China.